Westchester Surplus Lines Ins. Co. v. Grange Mut. Cas. Co.
| Decision Date | 17 June 2015 |
| Docket Number | Case No. 1:14-cv-00827-TWP-DML |
| Court | U.S. District Court — Southern District of Indiana |
| Parties | WESTCHESTER SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE COMPANY as Subrogee of Tank Industry Consultants, Inc., Plaintiff, v. GRANGE MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Defendant. GRANGE MUTUAL CASUALTY COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiff, v. HALLMARK SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, and F & F COATING, INC. Default Entered on 2/25/2015, Third-Party Defendants. |
This matter is before the Court on Hallmark Specialty Insurance Company's ("Hallmark") Motion to Strike Grange Mutual Casualty Company's ("Grange") Third-Party Complaint. (Filing No. 44). Hallmark asks the Court to strike Grange's Third-Party Complaint based upon improper use of impleader under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 14 and because Grange had already instituted an independent action against Hallmark asserting the same claims for relief. For the reasons set forth below, Hallmark's Motion is GRANTED.
The present lawsuit was filed by Plaintiff Westchester Surplus Lines Insurance Company ("Westchester") against Grange, and arose out of a workplace injury that occurred September 9, 2010 when an employee of F & F Coating tragically fell to his death while performing welding repairs on a water tower in Kokomo, Indiana. The employee's estate brought a lawsuit against all the companies involved in the water tower project, which included Tank Industry Consultants, Inc. ("Tank"). That lawsuit resulted in a settlement of $100,000.00, plus $48,122.13 in fees and costs for defending the action, which Westchester paid. Westchester subsequently filed the present action against Grange to recover monies which it paid on Tank's behalf. Westchester believes that Grange is obligated to reimburse the monies it paid pursuant to the declarations page of American Suncraft Construction Company's ("American Suncraft") liability policy, in which Tank is listed as an additional insured. Grange has not reimbursed Westchester for said monies.
Along with its Answer to Westchester's complaint, Grange filed a Third-Party Complaint against Hallmark (Filing No. 11). The Third-Party Complaint is seeking indemnity pursuant to a separate and independent subcontractor agreement between American Suncraft and F & F Coating. Grange contends that under the terms of the subcontract agreement between American Suncraft and F & F, Coating, Hallmark and F & F Coating were to defend and hold American Suncraft and Grange harmless from any claims, losses, damages and expenses. In response, Hallmark asserts that Grange's Third-Party Complaint is improper under Rule 14 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Moreover, because Grange has already instituted an independent action against Hallmark, they contend that Grange's Third-Party Complaint is wholly unnecessary, cumulative and would create an unnecessary burden forHallmark in defending itself against these two actions simultaneously. For these reasons, Hallmark asks the Court to strike the Third-Party Complaint under Rule 12(f).
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f) allows the court to "strike from a pleading an insufficient defense or redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter." Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f). The court may, (1) act on its own, or (2) on a motion made by a party either before responding to the pleading or, if a response is not allowed, within 21 days after being served with the pleading. Id. Motions to strike are generally disfavored; however, "where . . . motions to strike remove unnecessary clutter from the case, they serve to expedite, not delay." Heller Fin., Inc. v. Midwhey Powder Co., Inc., 883 F.2d 1286, 1294 (7th Cir. 1989).
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 14 provides that "[a] defending party may, as third-party plaintiff, serve a summons and complaint on a nonparty who is or may be liable to it for all or part of the claim against it." Fed. R. Civ. P. 14. Courts interpreting this rule have recognized that "[t]he third-party defendant must be secondarily liable [derivative liability] to the third-party plaintiff in the event the third-party plaintiff is found to be liable to the plaintiff." Green Line Mfg. Corp. v. Foreboard Corp, 130 F.R.D. 397, 399 (N.D. Ind. 1990). "The rule is not altered merely by the fact that the alleged third-party claim grew out of the same transaction." U.S. Gen., Inc. v. City of Joliet, 598 F.2d 1050, 1053 (7th Cir. 1979). Furthermore, "[e]ven though it may arise out of the same general set of facts as the main claim, a third-party claim will not be permitted when it is based upon a separate and independent claim." United States v. Joe Grasso & Son, Inc., 380 F.2d 749, 751 (5th Cir. 1967). "The distinguishing characteristic of a claim filed pursuant to Rule14(a) is that the defendant is attempting to transfer to the third-party defendant the liability asserted against the defendant by the original plaintiff." Green, 130 F.R.D. at 399 (quoting Forum Ins. Co. v. Ranger Ins. Co., 711 F. Supp. 909, 915 (N.D. Ill. 1989). As was identified by the Northern District of Indiana, a two-part test governs impleader under Rule 14: (1) the third-party defendant's liability must be secondary or dependent on the outcome of the main claim; and (2) the third-party plaintiff must be able to transfer all or part of his liability to the third-party defendant." Deutsche Credit Corp. v. Nat'l Bank & Trust Co. of South Bend, 114 F.R.D. 4, 7 (N.D. Ind. 1986).
Hallmark contends that the liability Grange seeks to impose upon it must fail, as it is not derivative. "Liability is derivative where it is dependent on the determination of liability in the original action." Beale v. Revolution Portfolio, LLC, No. 07-C-6909, 2009 WL 1285527, at *2 (N.D. Ill. May 7, 2009). Hallmark alleges that Grange's third-party claims are neither derivative in nature nor secondary or dependent upon Westchester's claim against Grange in the present lawsuit for the following reasons:
(Filing No. 44, at ECF p. 5). Grange argues that it should be indemnified through the subcontract indemnity provision with F & F Coating, for any damages on the underlying claim (Westchester's claim), which requires F & F Coating to defend and hold American Suncraft and Grange harmless from any claims made pursuant to the subcontract. (Filing No. 11, at ECF p. 3, ¶ 3.) Grange further states that Tank is listed as an additional insured on the declarations page of American Suncraft's liability policy and therefore is a part of American Suncraft and the indemnity agreement they have with F & F Coating. See Exhibit B. (Filing No. 44-2, at ECF p. 1.) To determine whether Grange may implead Hallmark into the lawsuit, the Court must look to the subcontract's indemnity agreement and decide if the indemnity agreement covers Tank as an additional indemnitee.
Under Indiana law, West Bend Mut. Ins. Co. v. MacDougall Pierce Constr., Inc., 11 N.E.3d 531, 543-544 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014). Such indemnification provisions are strictly construed and will not be held to provide indemnification unless it is stated in clear and unequivocal terms. Moore Heating & Plumbing, Inc. v. Huber, Hunt & Nichols, 583 N.E.2d 142, 145 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991). Indiana courts follow a two-step analysis to determine whether a party knowingly and willingly accepted this burden. First, the indemnification clause must expressly state in clear and unequivocal terms that negligence is an area of application where the indemnitor has agreed to indemnify the indemnitee. The second step determines to whom the indemnification clause applies. In clear and unequivocal terms, the clause must state that it applies to indemnification of the indemnitee by the indemnitor for the indemnitee's own negligence. Id. at 146; Hagerman Constr. Corp. v. Long Elec. Co., 741 N.E.2d 390, 392 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000); Exide Corp. v.Millwright Riggers, Inc., 727 N.E.2d 473, 480 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000); Macdougall, 11 N.E.3d at 543-544.
In the subcontract for the Indian Heights Tank project between American Suncraft and F & F Coatings there is an indemnity clause that states in relevant part:
7.2 To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Subcontractor [F & F Coatings] shall indemnify and hold harmless the Contractor [American Suncraft], Contractor's representatives [Grange], agents and employees from claims, losses, damages and expenses,...
To continue reading
Request your trial