Whitbeck v. Aldrich

• Court: Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts
• Writing for the Court: Before WILKINS; WHITTEMORE
• Citation: Whitbeck v. Aldrich, 341 Mass. 326, 169 N.E.2d 882 (Mass. 1960)
• Decision Date: 04 November 1960
• Parties: Sterling R. WHITBECK, executor, v. Merrill B. ALDRICH et al.

Page 882

169 N.E.2d 882

341 Mass. 326

Sterling R. WHITBECK, executor, v. Merrill B. ALDRICH et al.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Hampshire.

Argued Sept. 30, 1960.

Decided Nov. 4, 1960.

Alvertus D. Morse, Northampton, stated the case.

Emerson S. Searle, Springfield, for Merrill B. Aldrich and others.

Raymond R. Cross, Northampton, for First Nat. Bank of Northampton.

Oscar Grife, Northampton, for Eleanor Jane Crafts.

Before WILKINS, C. J., and SPALDING, WHITTEMORE, and CUTTER, JJ.

WHITTEMORE, Justice.

This is an appeal from so much of the decree of the probate judge as rules that the Federal estate tax on the estate of Emily L. Swift, including trust property under the will of her deceased husband over which she exercised a power of appointment, is a charge against her 'general or probate estate' and is ot a charge on the trust property. There was no error.

General Laws c. 65A, § 5, cl. 2, provides, in effect, for the payment of the tax, on property which is subject to a power of appointment, from that property, 'except as otherwise provided or directed by the trust instrument * * * or by the decedent's will' (emphasis supplied). Emily's will 'otherwise provided' in clause 8, as follows: 'All estate, inheritance, legacy, succession or transfer taxes * * * imposed by any domestic or foreign laws now or hereafter in force with respect to all property taxable under such laws by reason of my death whether or not such property passes under this will and whether such taxes be payable by my estate or by any recipient of any such property, shall be paid by my executor out of my general estate * * * with no right of reimbursement from any recipient of any such property.'

It is hard to think of plainer or more inclusive words. '[A]ll property taxable * * * by reason of * * * [Emily'] death' includes more than Emily's property. The provision expressly applies to property not passing under Emily's will, that is, in present relevance, to property appointed by her. The provision also expressly applies to the taxes on all such property whether the applicable law imposes those taxes on Emily's estate as an estate tax (the Federal tax), or on the recipient as a legacy or succession tax (the Massachusetts tax). The appellants recognize that the Federal estate tax on the trust property was a tax imposed with respect to such property by reason of Emily's death. Int.Rev.Code of 1954, §§ 2041, 2056, 26 U.S.C.A. §§ 2041, 2056. The tax is an excise on Emily's privilege of passing the donor's property by will. Dexter v. Jackson, 245 Mass. 333, 336-337, 140 N.E. 267.

The appellants urge, however, that the facts set out or referred to in this paragraph show Emily's intent that the tax clause apply only to the taxes imposed upon the passing of her own property and that the tax clause must be limited to accord with that intent. We disagree. Emily died May 20, 1957. Her will, executed May 18, 1956, after making provision for one specific legacy and two pecuniary legacies of a total value of approximately $23,000, left the balance of the estate in trust for the benefit of an invalid sister, Grace, who died November i, 1958. The trust provided that upon the sister's death the sum of $5,000 should be paid to Emily's daughter, Eleanor, and the balance be distributed in specified shares to the daughter, three nephews and one niece. Emily's own gross estate amounted to approximately $67,400. The value of the property over which she had a power of appointment under her husband's will was approximately $171,836.66. The Federal estate tax on the gross estate, inclusive of the value of the appointed property, is estimated to be approximately $39,700. The Federal tax on Emily's own estate, if the appointed property is excluded, will be not over $200. Although the estate will not be insolvent if the larger Federal tax is paid, the provisions of Emily's will cannot be fully carried out; there will be insufficient funds to pay the two pecuniary legacies in full and no funds for the trust created for the benefit of the sister, Grace. The appellants say that it is inconceivable that the testatrix could have intended this result. The argument is buttressed by reference to dispositions under the husband's will. It is urged also that the identical tax clause in the husband's will may have led Emily to think that that clause would take care of the tax upon the appointed property, since the appointees of the power receive the donor's property and get no title from the donee. Curtis v. Commissioner of Corporations and Taxations, Mass., 163 N.E.2d 151. ¹ That she knew it was his property which she was appointing may, it is suggested, be shown in the use of the usual provision 'I hereby exercise the power of appointment given me,' whereas, in disposing of her own property, she used the usual words 'I bequeath and devise.' Emily appointed the trust property to beneficiaries who were included among those who would have taken under her husband's will, if she had failed to appoint. The first clause of Emily's will devised to her daughter real estate which Emily held jointly with the daughter. It is suggested that the tax clause can be construed as referring only to the tax on that...