White v. Badalamenti

• Decision Date: 25 June 1993
• Docket Number: Docket No. 136372
• Citation: 505 N.W.2d 8,200 Mich.App. 434
• Parties: Carol J. WHITE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Faro BADALAMENTI, a/k/a Faro S. Badalamenti, and Barbara Badalamenti, jointly and severally, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US

Page 8

505 N.W.2d 8

200 Mich.App. 434

Carol J. WHITE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Faro BADALAMENTI, a/k/a Faro S. Badalamenti, and Barbara Badalamenti, jointly and severally, Defendants-Appellees.

Docket No. 136372.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Feb. 4, 1993, at Detroit.

Decided April 8, 1993.

Approved for Publication June 25, 1993, at 9:05 a.m.

Released for Publication Sept. 23, 1993.

Alan H. Broad, Troy, for plaintiff.

John C. Candela, Mount Clemens, for defendants.

Before WAHLS, P.J., and MICHAEL J. KELLY and CONNOR, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiff appeals as of right the trial court's dismissal of her "slip and fall" claim pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10). We reverse.

On a drizzly January night, plaintiff was walking up to defendants' house. Defendants had been baby-sitting plaintiff's daughter. As plaintiff stepped on the front walk, she slipped on some ice and hurt herself. The ice had accumulated in a half-inch-deep depression in the walk that had been there since defendants bought the house over fifteen years earlier.

Plaintiff filed this action, alleging that she was injured as a result of defendants' breach of a duty owed her. Following discovery, defendants moved for summary disposition, arguing that their duty to plaintiff was extremely limited and that there was no evidence that they had breached that limited duty. The trial court agreed, finding that plaintiff was a licensee on defendants' property, not an invitee, and that the condition of the sidewalk did not involve an unreasonable risk of harm.

Plaintiff argues on appeal that the trial court erred in deciding whether she was an invitee or licensee, and erred in deciding that the sidewalk did not pose an unreasonable risk of harm. We agree.

A motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests the factual support for a claim, and it should only be granted if, giving the nonmoving party the benefit of every reasonable doubt, it is impossible for the claim to be supported at trial. Paterek v. 6000 Limited, 186 Mich.App. 445, 447, 465 N.W.2d 342 (1990). Whether someone is an invitee or a licensee on another's property may be a question of fact where persons of average intelligence can disagree over whether the guest is on the property for a social purpose or to render a service beneficial to the owner of the property. See Leveque v. Leveque, 41 Mich.App. 127, 131, 199 N.W.2d 675 (1972). We think the trial court improperly decided a question of fact in this case. To be an invitee, plaintiff's presence on defendants' land must have been related to an activity of some tangible benefit to defendants. See Kreski v. Modern Wholesale Electric Supply Co., 429 Mich. 347, 359, 415 N.W.2d 178 (1987); Preston v. Sleziak, 383 Mich. 442, 450, 175 N.W.2d 759 (1970). It is true that plaintiff did not pay defendants money to baby-sit her daughter. That does not mean that defendants derived no tangible benefit from caring for the girl and that the parties' relationship must have been social. Plaintiff's deposition testimony indicates that from time to time she would baby-sit defendants' niece. The deposition supports a reasonable inference that, rather than a social visit, the plaintiff's presence on defendants' property was part of a mutually beneficial, albeit informal, exchange of services.

We also find that the trial court erred in ruling that as a matter of law defendants had not breached the duty a landowner owes a licensee. A possessor of land is liable for injuries to a licensee caused by a condition on the land...