Wild v. United States

• Decision Date: 02 June 1966
• Docket Number: No. 20537.,20537.
• Citation: 362 F.2d 206
• Parties: Albert J. WILD and Air Conditioning Supply Co., Inc., Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Bennett Y. Brewer, and Valley National Bank, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

362 F.2d 206 (1966)

Albert J. WILD and Air Conditioning Supply Co., Inc., Appellants, v. UNITED STATES of America, Bennett Y. Brewer, and Valley National Bank, Appellees.

No. 20537.

United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.

June 2, 1966.

W. Lee McLane, Jack E. Brown, Arthur P. Allsworth, Brown, Vlassis & Bain, Phoenix, Ariz., for appellants.

Richard M. Roberts, Acting Asst. Atty. Gen., Lee A. Jackson, Joseph M. Howard, Burton Berkley, Attys., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., Wm. P. Copple, U. S. Atty., Richard C. Gormley, Asst. U. S. Atty., Phoenix, Ariz., for appellees United States and Brewer.

Before MADDEN, Judge of the Court of Claims, and HAMLEY and MERRILL, Circuit Judges.

HAMLEY, Circuit Judge.

In 1965, Bennett Y. Brewer, a special agent of the Internal Revenue Service, was conducting an investigation of the tax affairs of Albert J. Wild and Air Conditioning Supply Company for the years 1960 to 1962.¹ Pursuant to this investigation, and purporting to act on the authority of section 7602 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (Code), 26 U.S.C. § 7602 (1964), Brewer issued a summons to Valley National Bank of Phoenix, Arizona. The summons directed the bank to produce for examination various financial records pertaining to transactions between the bank and Wild.

Wild obtained a preliminary injunction restraining the bank from complying with the summons. The United States and Brewer then commenced these proceedings against the bank to enforce the summons, invoking section 7604(a) of the Code, 26 U.S.C. § 7604(a) (1964). Wild intervened, a hearing was held, and an order was entered granting the petition for enforcement. Wild appeals. The bank did not appeal and is named herein as a nominal appellee.²

The several purposes for which an Internal Revenue Service summons may be issued are stated in section 7602 of the Code. One such purpose is: "* * * ascertaining the correctness of any return * * *." This was the specific statutory purpose relied upon by Brewer in issuing the summons in question. Wild contends that appellees failed to prove that Brewer's investigation was for this purpose. On the contrary, he asserts, the record indicates that the summons was desired for the different and impermissible purpose of collecting evidence in aid of criminal proceedings.

In this connection, Wild points to Brewer's testimony that his duty as a special agent is to investigate alleged frauds against the Revenue. Wild also calls attention to a statement of Organization and Functions promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service³ and other materials,⁴ as indicating that the Intelligence Division, to which Brewer is assigned, is concerned only with the enforcement of the criminal statutes.

In order to prevail in an enforcement proceeding of this kind, one seeking enforcement must show that the investigation will be conducted pursuant to a legitimate purpose. United States v. Powell, 379 U.S. 48, 57, 85 S.Ct. 248, 13 L.Ed.2d 112. If the sole objective of an investigation is to obtain evidence for use in a criminal prosecution, the purpose is not legitimate and enforcement should be denied. See Reisman v. Caplin, 375 U.S. 440, 449, 84 S.Ct. 508, 11 L.Ed.2d 459.

If, however, the objective of the investigation is to obtain information which may be utilized in determining whether there is civil liability for a tax or a tax plus penalty, then the summons may be enforced notwithstanding the fact that the information might also be used in a criminal prosecution. See Boren v. Tucker, 9 Cir., 239 F.2d 767, 772-773; Sanford v. United States, 5 Cir., 358 F.2d 685; In re Magnus, Mabee & Raynard, Inc., 2 Cir., 311 F.2d 12, 16.

Information which would aid in deciding whether Wild's returns were correct, is of a kind which may be utilized in determining whether Wild is civilly liable for a tax or a tax plus penalty. The acquisition of such information was the specific objective relied upon in the petition. Brewer confirmed this objective in the course of his oral testimony, stating specifically that he was attempting to reconcile differences between loans as shown on the bank's central liability control sheet, and as shown on the books of the company as having been received from the bank.

Brewer's further testimony that his duties as a special agent are to investigate alleged tax frauds does not negative the asserted objective of ascertaining the correctness of Wild's returns, or of the conclusion that information of this kind may be utilized to determine civil liability. See Boren v. Tucker, 9 Cir., 239 F.2d 767, 772-773. In the light of that stated objective, and Brewer's testimony with regard to it, we think the fact that Brewer was assigned to a division of the Internal Revenue Service which has the function of enforcing the criminal statutes is not of controlling importance.

We hold that appellees established that the summons was issued for the legitimate purpose of ascertaining information which would aid in determining Wild's civil tax liability. Our conclusion in this regard disposes of Wild's additional argument that enforcement of the summons would impair Wild's rights under the Fourth and Fifth...