Wildmon v. Berwick Universal Pictures

• Decision Date: 22 September 1992
• Docket Number: No. 92-7611,92-7611
• Citation: 983 F.2d 21
• Parties: Donald E. WILDMON and American Family Association, Inc., Plaintiffs-Appellants-Appellees, v. BERWICK UNIVERSAL PICTURES, et al., Defendants-Appellees-Appellants.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 21

983 F.2d 21

24 Fed.R.Serv.3d 1388

Donald E. WILDMON and American Family Association, Inc. Plaintiffs-Appellants-Appellees, v. BERWICK UNIVERSAL PICTURES, et al., Defendants-Appellees-Appellants.

No. 92-7611.

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

Sept. 22, 1992.

Benjamin W. Bull, Scott L. Thomas, Dennis H. Staffelbach, Amer. Family Assoc. Law Center, Tupelo, MS, for appellants.

Kay L. Trapp, Phelps Dunbar, Tupelo, MS, Luther T. Munford, Phelps Dunbar, Jackson, MS, Martin Garbus, Russell Smith, Frankfurt, Garbus, Klein & Selz, New York City, for appellees.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi.

Before KING and WIENER, Circuit Judges. ^*

BY THE COURT:

IT IS ORDERED that the motion of Appellees to vacate the stay and injunction entered by the district court pursuant to FRCP 62(c), and request to expedite the appeal, are GRANTED.

On September 8, 1992, Plaintiffs-Appellants, Donald E. Wildmon (Wildmon) and American Family Association, Inc. (AFA), were denied all relief sought when the district court ruled in favor of Appellees (Defendants) by granting its Order and Final Judgment, dismissing Plaintiffs' primary claim and denying their motion for summary judgment. 803 F.Supp. 1167. In the conclusion to its Order and Final Judgment, however, the district court "invited" Wildmon and AFA "to immediately move for a stay pending appeal pursuant to Fed.F.Civ.P. 62(c) and United States v. Baylor Universal (sic) Medical Center, 711 F.2d 38, 39 (5th Cir.1983). Two days later, when filing their timely notice of appeal, Wildmon and AFA accepted the district court's invitation by filing a Motion for Stay Pending Appeal and Injunction on Distribution of the Film in the United States Pending Appeal.

On September 15, 1992, the district court issued an order staying judgment pending appeal. Noting that "unlimited distribution" of the film ("Damned in the USA") would have an "irreversible effect" and possibly moot Plaintiffs' appeal, and again citing Baylor, the district court found that "equities weigh heavily in favor of maintaining the status quo," and thus enjoined "distribution and/or exhibition" of the film. The court also dispensed with the requirement that Wildmon and AFA post a supersedeas bond. On September 18, 1992, Defendants filed in this court an Emergency Motion ... to Vacate Stay and Injunction Entered Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 62(c).

We review the action of the district court in staying the effect of its own order and judgment and in granting the attendant injunction for "abuse of discretion." Beverly v. United States, 468 F.2d 732, 740-41 n. 13 (5th Cir.1972). In so doing this court "must consider whether the decision was based on a consideration of the relevant factors and whether there has been a clear error of judgment." Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402, 416, 91 S.Ct. 814, 823-24, 28 L.Ed.2d 136 (1971). We find that to be the case here.

In its invitation to Wildmon and the AFA to file a motion for a stay, the district court cited Baylor as the appropriate legal foundation; Plaintiffs relied on Baylor in their application; and the district court again relied on Baylor in pretermitting consideration of the well known quartet of criteria required for relief pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 62(c) and for injunctive relief in general:

[I]n order to be entitled to a stay pending appeal under Rule 62 F.R.Civ.P. or 8 F.R.A.P., a petitioner must show the likelihood of his prevailing on the merits on appeal, that he is likely to suffer irreparable injury from the denial of the stay, that the other parties will not be substantially harmed by the grant of stay, and that granting the stay will serve the public interest.

Drummond v. Fulton County Department of Family & Children's Serv., 532 F.2d 1001, 1002 (5th Cir.1976), rev'd on other grounds, 547 F.2d 835 (5th Cir.1977) (emphasis added); quoting Beverly, 468 F.2d at 740-41 n. 13. The reliance of the district court and Plaintiffs on Baylor as authority to disregard those criteria is misplaced. They cite Baylor for the proposition that "the movant 'need only present a substantial case on the merits' " to avoid application of the four factors. Regrettably, by quoting that one phrase only, the essence of Baylor is misrepresented. Baylor is only correctly understood as dispensing with rigid application of the four Drummond factors when viewed in light of the full quotation that is the gravamen of the case:

[I]n Ruiz v. Estelle, 650 F.2d 555 (5th Cir.1981) this Court held that the movant "need only present a substantial case on the merits when a serious legal question is involved and show that the balance of equities weighs heavily in favor of granting the stay." Id. at 565 (emphasis added).

Baylor, 711 F.2d at 39.

The first Ruiz factor which the Baylor court relied on is the only one quoted by the district court and Plaintiffs here, i.e., that movant need only present a substantial case on the merits. A fair reading of Ruiz and Baylor shows that presentation of a substantial case is only the threshold requirement. That threshold step alone is not sufficient. Even granting for the sake of argument the substantive sufficiency of Plaintiffs' case on the merits here, we find they can neither demonstrate involvement of a "serious legal question" as that term is used in Ruiz and interpreted and applied in Baylor, nor demonstrate a heavy weight of equity in favor of the stay or the injunction.

In Baylor, we determined that the serious legal question involved was whether Medicare and Medicaid payments constitute federal financial assistance within the meaning of the Rehabilitation Act because "that could have a broad impact on federal/state relations" which could open "the doors of private institutions to the probing tools of an HHS investigation." Baylor 711 F.2d at...