Wilkinson v. F.B.I.
| Decision Date | 07 January 1991 |
| Docket Number | No. 89-55122,89-55122 |
| Citation | 922 F.2d 555 |
| Parties | Frank WILKINSON; The National Committee Against Repressive Legislation, on its own Behalf and on Behalf of its officers, members, affiliates and contributors; Frances Fritchman; John Randolph; Sara Cunningham; Michael Shulman; Sarah Shulman, on behalf of themselves, and all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION; Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation; United States Department of Justice; Attorney General of United States; Agents or Officials of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Fred J. Baumgardner; Cartha Deloach; Charles D. Brennan; Robert Shackelford; Raymond Wannall; Robert Wick; A.W. Gray; W.G. Simon; John P. Mohr; Kleinkauf; Ware; Reddy; D.J. Parsons; Gregg; Bly; and The United States of America, Defendants-Appellees. Civ. A. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit |
R. Joseph Sher, Sr. Trial Counsel, Torts Branch, Civ. Div., U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., for defendants-appellees.
Michael D. Stein, Los Angeles, Cal., for plaintiffs-appellants.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
Before WALLACE and POOLE, Circuit Judges, and EZRA, * District Judge.
INTRODUCTION
Frank Wilkinson and the National Committee Against Repressive Legislation ("Appellants") appeal the district court's order of December 28, 1988 denying their motion to compel further production of documents. Finding that this court has jurisdiction over the matter and that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion, we affirm.
The underlying dispute in this case began a decade ago, when appellants sued These stipulations, the terms of which comprise the parties' settlement agreement, provided for the release of all claims against appellees in exchange for their production of thousands of pages of documents. Appellees made claims of privilege with respect to many of these documents. Accordingly, the court evaluated the propriety of the claims of privilege pursuant to a sample procedure agreed to by the parties in a Stipulation and Order entered January 26, 1984. This procedure required appellees to produce an unredacted "representative sample of documents embodying the privileged material." The district court would then decide whether the sample contained legitimate assertions of privilege entitling appellees to redact portions of the documents before surrendering them to appellants.
the FBI and various other federal agencies and officials ("Appellees") asserting state and federal constitutional and statutory claims. The basis for these claims was appellants' assertion that the FBI had wrongfully investigated and disrupted their legitimate political activities. Pursuant to a series of discovery stipulations, the district court entered final judgment and dismissed the last of appellants' claims on May 13, 1988.
On July 14, 1988, appellants filed their Motion to Compel Further Production of Documents, alleging appellees had improperly redacted some 43,600 pages of documents. The redactions, appellants claimed, were either unexplained or were based on erroneous assertions of the state secrets and informant confidentiality privileges. Appellants requested the district court conduct a line-by-line examination of the redacted material to determine the legitimacy of each deletion. They now appeal the district court's denial of that motion.
Appellees have raised repeatedly, both here and below, the issue of subject matter jurisdiction. Because our ability to reach the merits of this appeal depends on the existence of jurisdiction, we address this issue preliminarily.
Appellees contend the district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because appellants' motion was not timely. They further urge that this court lacks jurisdiction because the order appealed from was not final. We reject both of these arguments.
Characterizing appellants' request for production as a discovery motion, appellees contend it should have been brought within ten days of the entry of final judgment on May 13, 1988. The motion was not filed until July 14, 1988.
Appellees' argument is without merit. District courts have the inherent power to enforce settlement agreements. In re Suchy, 786 F.2d 900, 902-03 (9th Cir.1985); In re Springpark Assoc., 623 F.2d 1377, 1380 (9th Cir.) (superseded on other grounds by statute, as stated in In re Villa Madrid, 110 B.R. 919, 922 n. 3 (9th Cir. BAP.1990)), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 956, 101 S.Ct. 364, 66 L.Ed.2d 221 (1980). The substance of appellants' Memorandum in Support of the Motion to Compel Production makes clear they sought enforcement of the terms of the settlement agreement as embodied in various stipulations. Thus, their motion was not a "discovery" motion in the usual sense. Accordingly, the district court had jurisdiction to decide the motion, under its inherent supervisory power.
Appellees argued unsuccessfully to a motions panel that this court lacks jurisdiction because the order appealed from is not final. The motions panel rejected that argument in its order filed July 31, 1989, and we do likewise. While we take cognizance of the motions panel's decision, this merits panel has an independent obligation to determine whether jurisdiction exists. Schlegel v. Bebout, 841 F.2d 937, 941 (9th Cir.1988). We find that the December Although technically not a "discovery" motion, as indicated above, appellants' request to compel was analogous to such a motion. Thus, for purposes of determining whether this court has jurisdiction, we look to cases discussing ordinary discovery motions.
1988 order was appealable and that this court has jurisdiction.
This circuit has not yet decided expressly whether the denial of a post-judgment motion to compel production of documents, brought to enforce a settlement agreement, is final and appealable. 1 The Eleventh Circuit has found that orders granting post-judgment discovery are generally not appealable as final judgments. See Rouse Constr. Int'l, Inc. v. Rouse Constr. Corp., 680 F.2d 743, 746 (11th Cir.1982). The reason is that the party opposing the motion can refuse to comply and challenge the order on appeal from a contempt citation. See In re Grand Jury Subpoena (Niren), 784 F.2d 939, 941 (9th Cir.1986) (citing United States v. Ryan, 402 U.S. 530, 533, 91 S.Ct. 1580, 1582, 29 L.Ed.2d 85 (1971)); In re Nat'l Mortgage Equity Corp. Mortgage Pool Certificates Litig., 821 F.2d 1422, 1423 (9th Cir.1987) ().
By contrast, a litigant dissatisfied with an order denying post-judgment discovery cannot rely on the contempt process to provide an opportunity for appeal. Rouse, 680 F.2d at 746. Accordingly, an order denying discovery in aid of execution is an appealable final order. Fehlhaber v. Fehlhaber, 664 F.2d 260, 262 (11th Cir.1981) (citing United States v. McWhirter, 376 F.2d 102, 104-05 (5th Cir.1967). Similarly, where the litigation is in the district court solely for the purpose of deciding a discovery motion, the court's disposition of the motion is an appealable final judgment. In re Multi-Piece Rim Prod. Liab. Litig., 653 F.2d 671, 676 (D.C.Cir.1981). This circuit has recognized that a pre-judgment order denying a plaintiff's right to documents under the Freedom of Information Act, the Act under which plaintiffs originally sued defendants in this case, is an appealable final judgment. See In re Steele, 799 F.2d 461, 464 (9th Cir.1986) ().
We now conclude that an order denying a post-judgment motion to compel production of documents brought to enforce a settlement agreement is appealable.
Here, the district court had entered judgment on all of appellants' substantive claims before appellants brought their motion to compel production in enforcement of the settlement agreement. The only issues before the court were those pertaining to appellees' compliance with that settlement agreement. Following denial of their motion, appellants could not have relied on the contempt process to provide them an opportunity for appeal, since there was no court order for them to disobey. Moreover, because the underlying action had already concluded, there was no prospect of a further judgment to appeal from. Therefore, this court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1291.
Having found jurisdiction, we review the district court's enforcement of the settlement agreement for abuse of discretion. Callie v. Near, 829 F.2d 888, 890 (9th Cir.1987).
Appellants assert incorrectly that the district court misconstrued their motion to compel production as a discovery motion and that it failed to reach the merits. Although the court did refer to the motion as a "discovery motion," the substance of its order indicates clearly that it fully considered and ruled on the issue of appellees' compliance with the provisions of the...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Amara v. Cigna Corporation
......Pratt, Moore's Federal Practice — Civil § 202.13 & n.9 (3d ed. 2022) (citing Cent. States , 971 F.2d at 6 ; Wilkinson v. FBI , 922 F.2d 555, 558 (9th Cir. 1991) ; Fehlhaber v. Fehlhaber , 664 F.2d 260, 262 (11th Cir. 1981) ) (emphasis added). 6 In other words, ......
-
Crane v. Crane
......See Central States, 971 F.2d at 6; Wilkinson v. FBI, 922 F.2d 555, 558 (9th Cir.1991); Fehlhaber v. Fehlhaber, 664 F.2d 260, 262 (11th Cir.1981); United States v. McWhirter, 376 F.2d 102, 104-05 ......
-
Foufas v. Dru, 02-1673.
......Oppenheimer Management Corp., 764 F.2d 76, 80 (2d Cir.1985); id. at 88 (concurring opinion), and in Wilkinson v. FBI, 922 F.2d 555, 559 (9th Cir.1991), overruled on another ground, Hagestad v. Tragesser, 49 F.3d 1430 (9th Cir.1995), though a statement denying ......
-
Jarrow Formulas, Inc. v. Nature's Way Products, Inc., s. 91-55584
...... Given the straightforward language of the settlement we cannot steadfastly avow that the district court abused its discretion. See Wilkinson v. F.B.I., 922 F.2d 555, 558-59 (9th Cir.1991). Lastly, when events subsequent to the filing of an appeal moot the issue, no ......