Willard v. Interpool, Ltd.
Decision Date | 15 August 2000 |
Parties | Diane Smart WILLARD, Administratrix of the Estate of Peter Smart, Deceased, Appellee, v. INTERPOOL, LTD., Columbus Line, Inc., Transact Corporation, Holt Cargo Systems, Inc., Trac Lease, Inc., Blue Star Pace, Ltd., Blue Star (North America) Ltd., Blue Star Line, Inc., Appellees, v. Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, Holt Cargo Systems, Inc., Appellees, v. Hamburg Sudamerikanische D.G., Appellee, Inchcape Shipping Services, Inc., Appellant. Diane Smart Willard, Ind. and as Administratrix of the Estate of Peter Smart, Deceased, Appellee, v. Inchcape Shipping Services, Inc., Appellant. CY Agency, Inc. Southern Steam, Inc., Appellees, v. Hamburg Sudamerikanische D.G., Interpool, Ltd., Holt Cargo Systems, Inc., Blue Star Pace, Ltd., Blue Star (North America) Ltd., Blue Star Line, Inc., Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, Columbus Line, Inc., Transact Corporation, Trac Lease, Inc., Appellees. Diane Smart Willard, Ind. and as Administratrix of the Estate of Peter Smart, Deceased, Appellee, v. Hamburg Sudamerikanische D.G., Columbus Line, Inc., Appellees, v. Inchcape Shipping Services, Inc., Appellant. Interpool, Ltd., Holt Cargo Systems, Inc., Blue Star Pace, Ltd., Blue Star (North America) Ltd., Blue Star Line, Inc., Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, Appellees. |
Court | Pennsylvania Superior Court |
Robert B. White, Philadelphia, for Inchcape, appellant.
Charles J. Daly, Philadelphia, for Columbus Line and Hamburg, appellees.
Before KELLY, MUSMANNO and HESTER, JJ.
¶ 1 Inchcape Shipping Services, Inc. ("Inchcape") appeals the trial court's order finding that Appellees had no obligation to indemnify Appellant in an underlying action. We affirm.
¶ 2 The trial court has succinctly set forth the undisputed facts as follows.
Trial Court Opinion, 9/22/99, at 1. Appellant timely filed post-trial motions which were denied on November 8, 1999. This appeal followed.
¶ 3 We note initially that the complaint in the original lawsuit was filed by the decedent's estate on June 29, 1993. On May 8, 1997, Appellees settled with Mr. Smart's estate for $1,200,000. Thus, the only remaining defendant in the action was Appellant. On July 1, 1997, Appellant settled with Mr. Smart's estate for $200,000 but expressly retained the right to proceed to trial on its indemnity claim against Appellees. After a trial was conducted on this issue, the trial court decided the indemnity claim in favor of Appellees. That is the subject of the underlying appeal.
¶ 4 Appellant raises two issues before us. The first issue surrounds whether the trial court erred in not applying §§ 438 and 439 of the Restatement (Second) of Agency. Appellant alleges in his second issue that the trial court erred in holding that Appellant had no duty of care and liability to the decedent. For reasons to follow, we find both of these issues to be without merit.
¶ 5 Appellant asserts that under §§ 438 and 439 of the Restatement (Second) of Agency, an agent may settle a tort claim with a third party and recover indemnity from its principal without first establishing its liability to the third party. While it is true that these sections stand for that proposition, Appellant concedes, and our own independent research has confirmed, that Pennsylvania has not adopted these Restatement sections as part of its jurisprudential interpretation of agency law. Appellant therefore requests this Court to formally adopt them. The pertinent sections Appellant cites to are as follows.
Restatement (Second) of Agency. For reasons stated below, we reject Appellant's invitation to adopt these sections.
¶ 6 The trial court did consider these sections before making its determination but chose not to apply them. The only authority Appellant cites in support of why now we should adopt these specific sections are three Pennsylvania federal district court cases decided in 1966, 1978, and 1986, respectively. Although Appellant admits that no Pennsylvania court has incorporated these sections into its case law, it cites to several of our sister state courts that have adopted them.
Thus, we are aware that appellant's position is supported by some state and federal case law; however, we note that none of the cases on this topic is binding on this court. All of them have only persuasive, not precedential, value in the matter before us. Commonwealth v. Griffin [Giffin], 595 A.2d 101, 107 (Pa.Super.1991) (); Appeal of Penn-Lehigh Corp., 159 A.2d 56 (1960) ( ).
Eonda v. Affinito, 427 Pa.Super. 317, 629 A.2d 119, 122, n. 2 (Pa.Super.1993). See also Appeal of Patricia Leed, 754 A.2d 702, 711, 2000 WL 729956, at *8 (Pa.Super.2000) ( ).
¶ 7 Despite the lack of controlling precedent, Appellant asks us to adopt these sections from the Restatement (Second) Agency nevertheless. Appellant argues that under the facts of this case, sections 438 and 439 would impose liability upon Appellees. "We reiterate that we are not bound by [this] section of the Restatement (Second), as it has not been adopted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court." Brandjord v. Hopper, 455 Pa.Super. 426, 688 A.2d 721, 724 (1997) (emphasis in original) (citing Clayton v. McCullough, 448 Pa.Super. 126, 670 A.2d 710, 713 (1996)). Therefore, since our Supreme Court has yet to adopt these sections, and since our legislature has not seen fit to enact these sections into law, we decline to adopt them as well.
¶ 8 It is undisputed that Appellant was an agent for Appellees. Appellee Columbus Line was acting on behalf of its principal Hamburg Sud during the period it leased the chassis on which Mr. Smart was injured. In turn, Appellee Columbus Line retained Appellant to inspect containers and the chassis and to determine if they were in a state of good repair. However, the record does not contain any written or oral indemnity agreement between Appellant and Appellees. Appellant admits that no such agreement was made but contends that fairness should require us to rule that implicitly an indemnity agreement existed. Appellants brief at 12-13. In the absence of an express agreement between Appellant and Appellees, we disagree with Appellant's reasoning that we should read into their contract that an implicit indemnity clause existed.
¶ 9 The seminal case in Pennsylvania concerning a suit for indemnification by an agent against a principal is Tugboat Indian Company v. A/S Ivarans Rederi, 334 Pa. 15, 5 A.2d 153 (1939). The trial court found this case to be dispositive of the underlying issues and we are compelled to agree. In that case, our Supreme Court held, "[I]n order for a party to recover indemnity where there has been a voluntary payment [settlement], it must appear that the party paying the settlement was himself legally liable and could have been compelled to satisfy the claim." Id. 334 Pa. at 21, 5 A.2d 153.
¶ 10 In Tugboat, the defendant Tugboat settled with the plaintiff for $2,500.00. Tugboat also expended $1,290.30 for defense of the suit. Before settling, however, counsel...
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