Williams Industries, Inc. v. Wagoner

• Decision Date: 11 February 1997
• Docket Number: No. 0861-96-2,0861-96-2
• Citation: 24 Va.App. 181,480 S.E.2d 788
• Court: Virginia Court of Appeals
• Parties: WILLIAMS INDUSTRIES, INC. and Pacific Employers Insurance Company v. Terry Lynn WAGONER. Record

Page 788

480 S.E.2d 788

24 Va.App. 181

WILLIAMS INDUSTRIES, INC. and Pacific Employers Insurance Company v. Terry Lynn WAGONER.

Record No. 0861-96-2.

Court of Appeals of Virginia Richmond.

Feb. 11, 1997.

Arthur T. Aylward (Midkiff & Hiner, P.C., Richmond, on briefs), for appellants.

B. Mayes Marks, Jr., Hopewell (B. Mayes Marks, Jr., P.C., on brief), for appellee.

Present: COLEMAN and ELDER, JJ., and COLE, Senior Judge.

COLE, Senior Judge.

Williams Industries, Inc. and Pacific Employers Insurance Company (collectively "employer") appeal the decision of the Workers' Compensation Commission ("commission") awarding temporary total disability benefits to Terry Lynn Wagoner ("claimant"). Employer argues that the commission erred (1) in determining that claimant's work-related spinal injuries aggravated his idiopathic hip disease; (2) in applying the compensable consequences doctrine; and (3) in concluding that employer was responsible for all expenses related to claimant's hip disease. Because the commission did not err, we affirm its decision.

Background

Claimant, who worked as a draftsman for employer, suffered a back injury on April 11, 1991, in an accident accepted as compensable by employer. Claimant's injuries included herniated discs at L4-5 and L5-S1, as well as degenerative joint disease and spinal stenosis. Claimant underwent various surgical procedures to treat his spinal injuries, which included bone grafts taken from his hips. A laminectomy and discectomy for the herniation at L4-5 was performed by Dr. Hallett H. Mathews, treating physician and orthopaedic surgeon, on May 9, 1991. Dr. Mathews reported that claimant's work-related injury continued. Fusion surgery was performed on April 1, 1993, for the spinal stenosis at L4-5 with intercondylar collapse at L5-S1, and for a lumbar instability syndrome. The employer accepted liability for these conditions and paid related benefits. Claimant last received compensation on October 6, 1993, before he returned to work.

In August 1994, claimant began reporting tenderness and pain in both hips. On August 3, 1994, Dr. Mathews found evidence of avascular necrosis ("AVN") in both of claimant's hips. ¹ On October 17, 1994, Dr. Mathews commented that claimant "is having a lot of back aggravation because of his protected gait for both hips. He has [AVN] and we have made this diagnosis bilaterally." On August 5, 1994, orthopaedic surgeon Dr. Douglas E. Jessup agreed that claimant had "idiopathic osteonecrosis [of] both femoral heads." Orthopaedic surgeon Dr. William A. Jiranek examined claimant on October 21, 1994, also diagnosed bilateral osteonecrosis, and recommended surgery, which was performed on December 14, 1994.

On December 21, 1994, Dr. Rebecca M. Bigoney opined that claimant's AVN "clearly appears to be related to the previous back injury." On February 13, 1995, Dr. Mathews noted complaints of back and left leg symptoms and reported that claimant "has had bilateral hip, [AVN] and coring by Dr. Jiranek and certainly his hips have been made worse by the lumbar spine surgery and the protection that he has had to do for his back and also the stairs and steps which have been part of his job requirements." On March 8 and March 15, 1995, Dr. Mathews again commented on the interrelationship between claimant's back and hip pain, stating that claimant's ongoing back condition "has certainly caused wear and tear in his hips which has propagated an ongoing condition of [AVN]. They are now feeding off of each other with symptomatology."

On March 13, 1995, claimant filed a change in condition application, requesting temporary total disability benefits for the period from December 14, 1994 to January 3, 1995, payment of all bills related to the hip surgery, and permanent partial disability benefits. The deputy commissioner found that while not actually causing claimant's AVN, treatment for claimant's work-related spinal injuries aggravated the AVN. The deputy commissioner awarded claimant temporary total disability benefits and surgery costs.

The full commission affirmed the deputy commissioner's opinion, finding that the record proved that claimant's AVN was both aggravated by and aggravated claimant's back injuries. The commission found employer liable for claimant's AVN condition, even if the condition was idiopathic in etiology.

Analysis

On appeal, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing below. R.G. Moore Bldg. Corp. v. Mullins, 10 Va.App. 211, 212, 390 S.E.2d 788, 788 (1990). Factual findings by the commission that are supported by credible evidence are conclusive and binding upon this Court. Code § 65.2-706; Manassas Ice & Fuel Co. v. Farrar, 13 Va.App. 227, 229, 409 S.E.2d 824, 826 (1991).

The commission found, and claimant concedes, that no evidence proved that his original back injury caused the AVN in his hips. Claimant argues, however, that his AVN preexisted his back injury and was aggravated by the back injury. Employer argues that claimant's AVN arose after claimant's back injury and became debilitating independent of the back injury.

The doctrine of compensable consequences is well established and has been in existence for many years. We have stated the basic principle:

When the primary injury is shown to have arisen out of and in the course of employment, every natural consequence that flows from the injury likewise arises out of the employment, unless it is the result of an independent intervening cause attributable to claimant's own intentional conduct.

Morris v. Badger Powhatan/Figgie, Int'l., Inc., 3 Va.App. 276, 283, 348 S.E.2d 876, 879 (1986) (quoting A. Larson, The Law of Workmen's Compensation, §§ 13 and 81.30).

Larson further explains that:

A distinction must be observed between causation rules affecting the primary injury ... and causation rules that determine how far the range of compensable consequences is carried, once the primary injury is causally connected with the employment. As to the primary injury, it has been shown that the "arising" test is a unique one quite unrelated to common law concepts of legal cause, and ... the employee's own contributory negligence is ordinarily not an intervening cause preventing initial compensability. But, when the question is whether compensability should be extended to a subsequent injury or aggravation related in some way to the primary injury, the rules that come into play are essentially based upon the concepts of "direct and natural results," and the claimant's own conduct as an independent intervening cause.

Id. at § 13.11.

In Burlington Mills Corp. v. Hagood, 177 Va. 204, 13 S.E.2d 291 (1941), claimant was working at a machine, about fifteen feet from an electric motor which was being repaired. A loose wire in the motor caused a short circuit, which produced an electric flash and a sound resembling that of a shotgun. Claimant saw the flash and fell backwards when she was rescued by a co-employee. First aid was administered and she was sent home. She testified that she was in good health prior to this incident. She returned to work the following day. While at work about a month later, claimant looked up and suddenly saw the employee who had caught her when she fell. She fainted and fell and at the time of the hearing had not returned to work. The medical evidence of both parties conclusively established that the cause of the disability was traumatic neurosis. The commission traced this to the original accident and awarded compensation for the neurosis. The Supreme Court said:

The doctors thus, in effect, stated that traumatic neurosis was traceable to the shock or disturbing effect on the nerves of the patient, and that in turn, the irritation of the nerves caused functional disorders, and, that whether the disability resulted from nervous reaction or from auto-suggestion set in motion by memory of the accident, the...