Williams v. Duckworth

Decision Date19 July 1983
Docket NumberNo. 81-2787,81-2787
Citation724 F.2d 1439
PartiesBill WILLIAMS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Jack R. DUCKWORTH, Warden, and the Indiana Attorney General, Respondents-Appellees.
CourtU.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

Bill Williams, pro se.

Professor Charles Crutchfield, Univ. of Notre Dame Law School, Notre Dame, Ind., for petitioner-appellant.

Ronald D. Buckler, Atty. Gen., Indianapolis, Ind., for respondents-appellees.

Before CUMMINGS, Chief Judge, and PELL and COFFEY, Circuit Judges.

PELL, Circuit Judge.

Petitioner-appellant Bill Williams appeals from the judgment of the district court dismissing his habeas petition.

I.

Williams was convicted in 1977 on charges of rape, sodomy, and incest. The victims were his nine and ten year old daughters and the offenses apparently took place over a period of some two or three years. On direct appeal to the Indiana Supreme Court, petitioner raised a number of issues but only one was addressed by the Court which reversed the conviction and remanded for a new trial because the trial judge had merely handed the jury instructions to the foreman instead of reading them in open court. Williams v. State, 269 Ind. 430, 381 N.E.2d 458 (1978). Petitioner was retried by a jury and was again found guilty on the same charges. He was sentenced in May of 1979 to life on the rape count, 2-14 years on the sodomy count, and 2-21 years for incest. On direct appeal to the Indiana Supreme Court, the conviction was unanimously affirmed. Williams v. State, 406 N.E.2d 241 (Ind.1980).

On September 16, 1980 petitioner filed a post-conviction petition pursuant to Post-Conviction Remedy Rule 1, Indiana Rules of Procedure. 1 A hearing was held December 30, 1980 and March 6, 1981, with petitioner represented by the Public Defender, and the petition was denied on March 11, 1981. The judge found that seven of the fourteen issues raised (the only issues that are even arguably meritorious) had been waived for failure to raise them on direct appeal, that there was no basis for relief on three issues, and that petitioner had failed to meet his burden of proof on the remaining four. The record does not indicate an appeal of this determination, although petitioner filed a Motion to Correct Errors, and properly initiated an appeal by filing with the clerk of the trial court a praecipe designating the record on appeal (see Indiana Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 2); there is no indication that the appeal was perfected by filing the record on appeal with the Indiana Supreme Court within ninety days of the denial of the Motion to Correct Errors (see Indiana Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 3). In his habeas petition Williams asserted that he was denied appeal by the Indiana Public Defender, but this is inconsistent with his letters to the public defender "withdrawing" from their representation. Petitioner also asserted that he didn't appeal the denial of the post-conviction petition because he had already raised the same issues on direct appeal to the Indiana Supreme Court after his first conviction. 2 On June 29, 1981 petitioner filed the pro se habeas petition, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2254, that is the subject of this appeal. 3 The district court dismissed the petition for failure to exhaust state remedies, and denied a certificate of probable cause. This court granted the certificate of probable cause, and appointed counsel for the appeal.

II.

The exhaustion requirement of Sec. 2254(b) refers only to remedies still available at the time of the federal habeas petition. Engle v. Isaac, 456 U.S. 107, 125 n. 28, 102 S.Ct. 1558, 1570 n. 28, 71 L.Ed.2d 783 (1982). In addition, any remedy offered by the state must be a meaningful one. Perry v. Fairman, 702 F.2d 119 (7th Cir.1983). Claims previously presented to the Indiana Supreme Court are exhausted. Those which could have been raised on direct appeal, but were not, are generally considered waived for purposes of the Indiana post-conviction remedy, see Greer v. State, 262 Ind. 622, 321 N.E.2d 842, 844 (1975), so we would not require that petitioner raise those claims on post-conviction, or appeal the denial of those claims on post-conviction, before concluding that he has exhausted state remedies as to those. Issues that could have been raised in an initial post-conviction petition are treated as waived for purposes of succeeding post-conviction petitions. See Indiana Post Conviction Remedy Rule 1, Sec. 8; Jewell v. State, 272 Ind. 317, 397 N.E.2d 946, 947 (1979). We would therefore not require petitioner to return to the state courts to litigate an issue raised for the first time on habeas that could have been raised on a prior post-conviction petition. Claims that can still be presented to the Indiana Supreme Court are not exhausted. Under Rose v. Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 102 S.Ct. 1198, 71 L.Ed.2d 379 (1982), the presence of a single unexhausted claim necessitates dismissal of the entire petition.

The district court did not explain which of Williams' many habeas claims were unexhausted. The brief filed by counsel appointed for the appeal is also unhelpful in sorting out these claims. Although the brief was filed prior to Rose v. Lundy, there should have been a clear statement as to which claims were exhausted and hence ripe for district court consideration under Ware v. Gagnon, 659 F.2d 809 (7th Cir.1981). Instead, counsel variously informs us that appellant raised "numerous" issues on appeal to the Indiana Supreme Court after his first conviction and "certain other" issues on appeal of his second conviction (and that all these issues were hence exhausted even if others were not), that petitioner "has exhausted all available state remedies," and that the status of petitioner's post-conviction petition is "irrelevant." In view of these inconsistencies, we aren't sure we should take the "even if other issues ... remain unexhausted" language as an admission that the petition is, in Rose v. Lundy terms, "mixed," and so must be dismissed. That course is tempting in view of the complex procedural course of this case. The State in its appellate brief argues generally about the necessity of total exhaustion, but specifically only that petitioner could raise on post-conviction his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel for his direct appeal.

Although it is a little hard to categorize the claims in the discursive pro se post-conviction and habeas petitions, it appears that the issues raised (including, interestingly enough, the claim that because there was no search or arrest warrant for the children, their testimony should be suppressed) are substantially the same. The only new item in the habeas petition is the allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel on the direct appeal. This is an issue appropriately raised for the first time on post-conviction, yet only the incompetence of the attorney who represented petitioner at trial was argued in the post-conviction petition. We must consider, then, whether petitioner has nevertheless exhausted state remedies as to the competence of appellate counsel. Because petitioner could well have raised this issue in his post-conviction petition, he is now precluded from raising it on a second post-conviction petition. We therefore conclude that further recourse to the state courts would be futile. Petitioner has exhausted all currently available state remedies.

III.

The remaining question is whether, by failing to present the issue on post-conviction, or appeal the denial of the post-conviction petition that he did file, petitioner has waived his claim concerning ineffective assistance of counsel on the direct appeal for purposes of a federal habeas petition. In United States ex rel. Spurlark v. Wolff, 699 F.2d 354 (7th Cir.1983) (en banc), this circuit applied the "cause and prejudice" standard of Wainwright v. Sykes, 433 U.S. 72, 97 S.Ct. 2497, 53 L.Ed.2d 594 (1977), to a state prisoner's failure to raise a claim on direct appeal. We have not previously had occasion to consider, in light of Spurlark, whether a state prisoner who fails to pursue on post-conviction an issue that could not have been presented on direct appeal has similarly waived the right to present the issue on habeas absent "cause" for the failure, and "prejudice" resulting thereby. We conclude that under the combination of circumstances presented here, petitioner has indeed waived his right to a federal forum for his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel on his direct appeal.

Petitioner's initial default was the failure to raise the effectiveness of appellate counsel on the post-conviction petition, and he offers no "cause" for this omission. He is thus asking a federal court to consider a matter that he chose never to present to the state court. Perhaps this was a "deliberate by-pass" of the state court, see Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963), in the hopes that the federal forum might be more hospitable to his claim; perhaps petitioner was not seriously troubled by his counsel's performance, and was merely casting about for an additional issue when he drafted his habeas...

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