Williams v. Overholser, 14501.

• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — District of Columbia Circuit
• Writing for the Court: BURGER, Circuit (concurring)
• Citation: Williams v. Overholser, 259 F.2d 175, 104 U.S.App.D.C. 18 (D.C. Cir. 1958)
• Decision Date: 02 July 1958
• Docket Number: No. 14501.,14501.
• Parties: Dallas O. WILLIAMS, Appellant, v. Winfred OVERHOLSER, Superintendent, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Appellee.

104 US App. DC 18, 259 F.2d 175 (1958)

Dallas O. WILLIAMS, Appellant, v. Winfred OVERHOLSER, Superintendent, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Appellee.

No. 14501.

United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit.

Argued June 23, 1958.

Decided July 2, 1958.

Mr. Richard Arens, Washington, D.C., for appellant.

Mr. Hubert B. Pair, Asst. Corporation Counsel for the District of Columbia, with whom Messrs. Chester H. Gray, Corporation Counsel, Milton D. Korman, Principal Asst. Corporation Counsel, and Andrew G. Conlyn, Asst. Corporation Counsel, were on the brief, for appellee. Mr. Richard W. Barton, Asst. Corporation Counsel, also entered an appearance for appellee.

Before EDGERTON, Chief Judge, MADDEN, Judge, United States Court of Claims,^* and BURGER, Circuit Judge.

EDGERTON, Chief Judge.

Appellant pleaded guilty to a charge of public drunkenness. The Municipal Court set aside the plea and committed appellant to D. C. General Hospital for examination and observation. The hospital's chief psychiatrist reported to the court that appellant was psychotic and dangerous to himself and others. The report said nothing about competency to stand trial. The Municipal Court, after hearing testimony, found appellant "of unsound mind" and ordered him confined in St. Elizabeth's Hospital "until released in accordance with the provisions of the Act of Congress approved August 9, 1955, 69 Stat. 609, Ch. 673, Section 1," § 24-301(a), D.C.Code (1951) Supp. VI. The Municipal Court did not find whether appellant was or was not competent to stand trial.

Appellant sought release from the Hospital in habeas corpus, by a petition filed in the District Court April 29. The District Court entered an order which recited: "* * * it appearing to the Court that petitioner is illegally detained in the absence of a determination by the Municipal Court of his competency to stand trial, it is therefore this 27th day of May, 1958, Ordered: That unless within ten days from the date of this order, or such extension thereof as may be granted by this Court for good cause shown, the Municipal Court determine petitioner's mental capacity to stand trial, the writ of habeas corpus shall issue." At the same time the District Court, 162 F.Supp. 514, filed an opinion saying: "* * * If * * * he is found incompetent to stand trial he will be committed under the statute to a mental hospital. If he is found competent to stand trial, he will have his trial, and whether convicted or acquitted he will be returned to the mental hospital under the prior commitment on unsoundness of mind."

We need not decide whether the District Court's order standing alone would be a final order subject to review. Read with the opinion, we think it is clearly a final order. Read with the opinion, it determines that the appellant will be confined in a mental hospital, whether he is found competent or incompetent to stand trial.

The proceedings in the Municipal Court were ostensibly under § 24-301(a) of the D.C.Code, which provides that when the mental competency of a person accused of crime is in issue "the court, after hearing without a jury, shall make a judicial determination of the competency of the accused to stand trial. If the court shall find the accused to be then of unsound mind or mentally incompetent to stand trial, the court shall order the accused confined to a hospital for the mentally ill." The last sentence, as we read it in its context, comes only to this; the court shall order the accused confined in a mental hospital if it finds that because of unsoundness of mind or for any other reason he is mentally incompetent to stand trial.

Section 24-301(b), which immediately follows, prescribes the machinery by which "Whenever an accused person confined to a hospital for the mentally ill is restored to mental competency in the opinion of the superintendent of said hospital", the court may determine his competence to stand trial.

Title 21, beginning with § 306, of the District of Columbia Code contains elaborate provisions for commitment of persons alleged to be insane. In general, the procedure includes a report and recommendation by the Commission on Mental Health, a jury's verdict if demanded, and an order of the...