Wimbish v. School Dist. of Penn Hills
| Decision Date | 10 June 1981 |
| Citation | 59 Pa.Cmwlth. 620,430 A.2d 710 |
| Parties | Thomas R. WIMBISH, a minor, by Verdell D. Wimbish-Haley, his parent and natural guardian, and Verdell D. Wimbish-Haley, parent, Appellants, v. The SCHOOL DISTRICT OF PENN HILLS, Appellee. |
| Court | Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court |
Argued May 6, 1981.
Eugene A. Lincoln, Verona, for appellant.
James A. Beinkemper, Pittsburgh, for appellee.
Before CRAIG MacPHAIL and PALLADINO, JJ.
Appellant Thomas R. Wimbish filed a complaint in trespass in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County against Penn Hills School District, alleging that he was seriously injured while engaged in a school activity on the district's premises as a direct result of the negligence of the district and its employees. Appellant's negligence claim consists of averments that the district failed to employ trained personnel and to supervise its employees properly, that the district failed to promulgate and enforce staff rules for procedures to be taken when students are injured, and that the district and its employees failed to provide appellant with prompt medical attention when he was injured. [1]
In its answer, the district denied the appellant's averments and raised as new matter the affirmative defense of immunity under the Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act. [2]
Appellant's reply to the new matter was that it was a legal conclusion to which no responsive pleading is required.
The district then filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings, based on its contention that appellant's claim was barred by the act. The court granted the motion and entered judgment for the district.
Appellant claiming that the court abused its discretion, seeks reversal of that order and a trial on the merits of his claim.
A motion for judgment on the pleadings is essentially in the nature of a demurrer, and the well- pleaded averments of the non-moving party are deemed admitted by the moving party, even though earlier denied. Matthew-Landis Co Inc. v. Housing Authority of the County of Chester, 240 Pa.Super. 541, 361 A.2d 742 (1976). Under Pa.R.C.P. No. 1034 the court may grant the motion only in cases where there are no issues of fact, and where a controlling question of law is "ripe for decision." See Goodrich Amram 2d § 1034(a)1.
Taking the pleaded facts as true, the pivotal question is whether, as a matter of law, appellant's claim is barred by Section 201 of the Tort Claims Act, 53 P.S. § 5311.201:
Except as otherwise provided in this act, no political subdivision shall be liable for any damages on account of any injury to a person or property caused by any act or omission of the political subdivision or an employee thereof or any other person.
Appellant's allegations of district personnel negligence do not fall within the eight enumerated exceptions to that general rule, found in Section 202, 53 P.S. § 5311.202.
The only exception even arguably encompassing appellant's allegations is found in Section 202(b)(3), 53 P.S. § 5311.202(b)(3), which states:
(b) Actions or activities which may impose liability. The following acts or activities by a political subdivision or any of its employees may result in the imposition of liability on a political subdivision:
(3) The care, custody or control of real property in the possession of the political subdivision, except that the political subdivision shall not be liable for damages on account of any injury sustained by a person intentionally trespassing on real property in the possession of the political subdivision. As used in this paragraph, 'real property' shall not include trees, streets, sidewalks, traffic signs, lights and other traffic controls, street lights and street lighting systems and facilities of steam, sewer, water, gas and electric systems owned by the political subdivision and located within rights of way.
Appellant's claim, that the district and its employees were negligent with respect to a school activity and in failing to provide him with prompt medical attention following his injury on the district's grounds, is clearly outside the limited waiver for actions relating to the care and control of real property. [3] Thus, the legislative grant of immunity bars appellant's claim.
Appellant cites Goldman v. McShain, 432 Pa. 61, 247 A.2d 455 (1968), in support of his argument that an affirmative defense should not be upheld by granting a motion for judgment on the pleadings. However, Goldman is distinguishable on two bases.
The rule in Goldman, that a complaint may state a claim upon which relief may be granted even though an affirmative defense exists, is premised upon the court's explicit statement that the plaintiff must deny the defendant's allegation which raises the defense. 432 Pa. at 73, 247 A.2d at 461. [4] As the plaintiff below, appellant did not deny the district's immunity allegation, but stated: "(t)he averment contained in paragraph 2 of (the district's) Answer and New Matter is a legal conclusion to which no responsive pleading is required."
The affirmative defense raised by the defendants in Goldman, supra, was the statute of frauds. Recognizing that the case presented a factual question for resolution, the court denied the motion for judgment on the pleadings, stating:
Appellees have raised the statute of frauds in their new matter and appellants have denied its applicability. Issue has thus been joined; its resolution cannot be based on pleadings alone." 432 Pa. at 73, 247 A.2d at 461.
Therefore, Goldman is inapposite.
Appellant next contends that the court should have given him the opportunity to amend his complaint before entering judgment on the pleadings. Although appellant did not seek leave to amend under Pa.R.C.P. No. 1033, appellant contends that his complaint was curable by amendment notwithstanding the immunity defense, and that the court deprived him of an opportunity to proceed to the merits of the case by sustaining the motion without leave to amend.
We agree that the right to amend should not be withheld where there is a reasonable possibility that amendment can be accomplished successfully. Bata v. Central-Penn National Bank of Philadelphia, 423 Pa. 373, 224 A.2d 174 (1966). However the court has discretion in...
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