Winkle v. Scott

• Decision Date: 31 October 1938
• Docket Number: No. 11180,11227.,11180
• Parties: WINKLE v. SCOTT (two cases).
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

99 F.2d 299 (1938)

WINKLE v. SCOTT (two cases).^*

Nos. 11180, 11227.

Circuit Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

October 31, 1938.

Gus O. Nations, of St. Louis, Mo. (Feigenbaum, Nations & McCormick, of St. Louis, Mo., on the brief), for appellant.

Arthur E. Simpson, of St. Louis, Mo. (Jeffries, Simpson & Plummer, of St. Louis, Mo., on the brief), for appellee.

Before SANBORN, THOMAS and BOOTH, Circuit Judges.

THOMAS, Circuit Judge.

On August 11, 1937, the appellant filed his debtor's petition for extension of time under section 74 of the Bankruptcy Act, 11 U.S.C.A. § 202, accompanied by a petition for a restraining order against the proposed foreclosure and sale of certain shares of stock of Winkle Mines, Inc., owned by appellant and pledged to the appellee to secure appellant's liability as indorser on notes of the corporation totaling $58,450 in amount. On August 13, 1937, the petition was approved, a restraining order was issued against the appellee and the matter referred to a Referee in Bankruptcy. Thereafter the appellant filed schedules listing nine unsecured creditors and listing Oreon E. Scott, appellee, as his sole secured creditor. On October 7, 1937, the appellant filed his Proposal for Extension of Time together with his Petition for Confirmation Thereof and on the same day the motion of Oreon E. Scott to dissolve the injunction was permitted to be filed for transmittal to the United States District Court. On October 14, appellant filed his answer to the motion to dissolve the injunction, alleging that the above notes contained $15,000 usurious interest as defined by Sec. 2844 of the Revised Statutes of Missouri, 1929, Mo.St.Ann. § 2844, p. 4633; that the pledge of security was invalid under the laws of Missouri; and praying (1) that the motion to dissolve be denied and (2) that the court order Oreon E. Scott to deliver the pledged property to the debtor. The Referee in Bankruptcy approved the debtor's extension proposal and recommended to the District Court that the injunction be dissolved. The appellant filed exceptions and a petition for review and the matter came on for hearing before the District Court. This is an appeal from the decree of that court in which it approved the order of the Referee in Bankruptcy confirming the debtor's extension proposal to his unsecured creditors, dissolved the temporary injunction against the appellee and denied the debtor's prayer for an order upon appellee for the delivery of the pledged property to the appellant debtor.

There is no material controversy regarding the facts involved. The only issues raised here are those regarding interpretations of law. If the charge of usury can not be sustained the decree must be affirmed. If, however, appellant is correct in his contention that the pledge was void because of usury inhering in the notes the decree should be reversed.

In 1929 Scott indorsed and guaranteed payment of Winkle's promissory note for the principal sum of $36,000 given to the Franklin-American Trust Co. of St. Louis, Missouri. To secure Scott against loss by reason of the guaranty, Winkle pledged to him notes secured by mortgages on coal land in Illinois. When the note matured on January 31, 1932, Winkle defaulted and Scott paid the bank and took over the note.

In 1932, an Illinois corporation styled Winkle Mines, Inc., was organized, and the coal property was conveyed to it by Winkle in exchange for 1,000 shares of its stock and its undertaking to pay the $36,000 note held by Scott. To carry out its obligation to pay said note the board of directors of the corporation at a meeting on July 2, 1932, resolved "that this corporation borrow from Raymond G. Scott (brother of appellee) a sum sufficient to pay said debt of $36,000.00 with interest thereon, and that it pay as a bonus for making said loan, $14,000.00;" and by the resolution the president was authorized to execute five notes of $10,000 each due in successive years from 1933 to 1937. Pursuant to the foregoing resolution five notes aggregating $50,000 were made by the corporation, dated July 2, 1932, signed, "Winkle Mines, Incorporated, by Oliver L. Winkle." The notes were payable to Raymond G. Scott and indorsed by him to appellee. It was stipulated that these "notes were indorsed by Oliver L. Winkle, who by said indorsement waived demand, presentment for payment, notice of non-payment, protest, notice of protest and diligence in bringing suit," and that they "were payable at First National Bank, East St. Louis, Illinois." The only consideration given for them, so far as appears in the record, was the cancellation of Winkle's note for $36,000.

On January 2, 1934, Winkle Mines, Inc., executed new notes in the amount of $58,450, the consideration being the cancellation of the notes given by it on July 2, 1932, plus additional money which had been subsequently advanced to it by the appellee. These notes were made payable to Raymond G. Scott who indorsed them to the appellee sometime prior to this action. They are identical in form with the notes given July 2, 1932, except that they were executed in St. Louis, Missouri. Oliver L. Winkle appears as indorser under a waiver of demand and notice similar to that on the 1932 notes. They were secured by a mortgage executed by Winkle Mines, Inc., on the Perry County, Illinois, property and by the continued pledge of Winkle's stock in the corporation. The pledge gave the holder of the notes the right on default in payment to sell the pledged collateral at public or private sale with or without notice to the public or to the parties interested and provided for the application of the proceeds of the sale to the payment of the above notes; and surplus, if any, was to be paid to Winkle Mines, Inc.

The notes given by the corporation on January 2, 1934, are due and unpaid, both as to principal and interest. Scott advertised the pledged stock of Winkle Mines, Inc. for sale to be held on August 17, 1937.

The substance of appellant's argument is that the notes given on July 2, 1932, executed and payable in Illinois, were usurious because they called for $14,000 more than the amount loaned; that while under Illinois law usury is not available as a defense to a corporation it is available to Winkle, an individual, for the reason that by his indorsement before delivery with waiver of presentment and notice, he became primarily liable and in legal effect a co-maker of the notes. It is further claimed that the usury in the 1932 notes was carried over into the notes executed in Missouri on January 2, 1934, and that the pledge of Winkle's stock to secure their payment was void by virtue of Sec. 2844 of Revised Statutes of Missouri, 1929, Mo. St.Ann. § 2844, p. 4633, which makes pledges of personal property given to secure indebtedness for which usury was exacted invalid and illegal.

The validity of the notes executed on July 2, 1932, and made payable in Illinois must be determined by the laws of that state. Scudder v. Union National Bank, 91 U.S. 406, 23 L.Ed. 245; Missouri, Kansas & Texas Trust Company v. Krumseig, 172 U.S. 351, 19 S.Ct. 179; 43 L.Ed. 474; Merchants' & Manufacturers' Securities Co. v. Johnson, 8 Cir., 69 F.2d 940. If these notes were valid under the laws of Illinois it will be unnecessary to pursue the argument further since it is obvious that the taint of usury attached at that time or not at all and, if not, all subsequent transactions in respect to them were valid.

By the law of Illinois a corporation may lawfully agree to pay any rate of interest. Chapter 74, Sections 4 and 5, of the Illinois Revised Statutes of 1937 reads as follows:

"§ 4. In all written contracts it shall be lawful for the parties to stipulate or agree that seven (7) per cent. per annum, or any less sum of interest, shall be taken and paid upon every one hundred (100) dollars of money loaned or in any manner due and owing from any person to any other person or corporation in this state, and after that rate for a greater or less sum, or for a longer or shorter time, except as herein provided; Provided, however, with respect to money loaned to or in any manner due and owing from a corporation, the parties may stipulate or agree upon any rate of interest whatsoever, and take and pay the same * *...