Winkler v. v. G. Reed & Sons, Inc.

• Citation: 619 N.E.2d 597
• Decision Date: 30 August 1993
• Docket Number: No. 30A01-9304-CV-145,30A01-9304-CV-145
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court
• Parties: Ronnie WINKLER, Appellant-Plaintiff, v. V.G. REED & SONS, INC., Arthur S. Overbay, Jr., and Typoservice Corporation, Appellees-Defendants.

Page 597

619 N.E.2d 597

Ronnie WINKLER, Appellant-Plaintiff, v. V.G. REED & SONS, INC., Arthur S. Overbay, Jr., and Typoservice Corporation, Appellees-Defendants.

No. 30A01-9304-CV-145.

Court of Appeals of Indiana First District.

Aug. 30, 1993.

Patrick N. Ryan, Marion, for appellant-plaintiff.

Darryl W. Durham, Gene F. Price, Alagia, Day, Trautwein & Smith, Louisville, KY, James A. Knauer, Marcia E. Roan, Kroger, Gardis & Regas, Indianapolis, for appellees-defendants.

BAKER, Judge.

Plaintiff-appellant Ronnie Winkler asks us to determine that factual issues require a trial on his allegations that his former employer, its president, and another company breached his written employment contract and conspired to tortiously interfere with his contract. We deny his request and affirm the summary judgments in favor of defendants-appellees Typoservice Corp., Arthur S. Overbay, Jr., and V.G. Reed & Sons, Inc.

FACTS

In 1989, Overbay was the president and a stockholder of Typoservice, a printing and typesetting business. On August 29, 1989, Winkler signed a fifteen-year employment contract to be the general manager of one of Typoservice's divisions. Overbay, in his capacity as Typoservice's president, executed the employment contract.

On July 24, 1991, V.G. Reed & Sons, Inc. (Reed), a Kentucky printing corporation, executed an asset purchase agreement to buy Typoservice's assets. Reed agreed to assume up to $2,200,000 of Typoservice's debts on its inventory. In September 1991, Reed incorporated V.G. Reed & Sons/Midwest, Inc. (Midwest) in Indiana. Subsequently, on September 30, 1991, Reed and Typoservice amended their asset purchase agreement to substitute Midwest as the buyer of Typoservice's assets. The final asset purchase agreement specifically excluded Midwest's acceptance of Winkler's employment agreement. Eight days after it acquired Typoservice's assets on October 1, 1991, Midwest discharged Winkler.

Winkler filed suit alleging breach of employment contract (Count I), conspiracy to violate the employment contract (Count II), and tortious interference with employment contract (Count III). Summary judgment was entered in favor of all defendants on all counts, except for Count I against Typoservice, which claim remained for trial because summary judgment was not requested.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

Summary judgment is appropriate if the movant shows no genuine issue of material fact exists and that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Ind. Trial Rule 56(C); Babinchak v. Town of Chesterton (1992), Ind.App., 598 N.E.2d 1099, 1101. Once the movant makes this showing, the burden shifts to the nonmovant to demonstrate the existence of a genuine issue for trial. Id. If an essential element to prove a claim is absent, summary judgment is mandated. Moore v. Sitzmark Corp. (1990), Ind.App., 555 N.E.2d 1305, 1306-07.

I. Breach of Employment Contract--Count I Overbay

Winkler contends summary judgment was improper because genuine issues of material fact exist regarding whether Overbay's conduct rendered him responsible for the breach of the employment contract. Overbay responds he is not liable for any breach because he was not a party to Winkler's employment contract with Typoservice and signed it only in his capacity as president. Generally, contract claims in Indiana may be brought only against a party to the contract or those in privity with a party. See Implement Service, Inc. v. Tecumseh Products Co. (S.D.Ind.1989), 726 F.Supp. 1171, 1182. Corporate officers signing contracts on behalf of their corporation generally are not liable individually for the contracts. Weeks v. Kerr (1985), Ind.App., 486 N.E.2d 10, 12, trans. denied (1986).

As the movant for summary judgment, Overbay presented the employment agreement, which was signed "Arthur S. Overbay, Jr., President, Typoservice Corporation." Record at 326. His signature and title on the contract facially supports his contention he executed Winkler's employment agreement solely for Typoservice's benefit. Thus, Overbay satisfied his burden of showing no issue of material fact existed as to his personal liability.

In response to Overbay's motion for summary judgment, Winkler argued the corporate veil of Typoservice should be pierced to hold Overbay personally liable. See Weeks, supra. A corporate veil is pierced when a corporate officer disregards the corporate form and treats the corporation as a conduit for his personal business affairs. Id. To support his argument for piercing the corporate veil, Winkler designated the following facts to the trial court pursuant to Ind. Trial Rule 56(C): "Overbay is the majority stockholder and president of Typoservice. He was the boss and made all decisions.... [H]e personally signed the contract with Typoservice to sell the assets to the Reed Corporation and personally kept the assets not sold." Record at 428.

We find Winkler failed to exhibit a genuine issue of material fact whether Overbay treated Typoservice as a conduit for his own personal affairs. Winkler's allegations merely reflect actions any corporate president might legally perform. The fact that Overbay received any remaining assets of Typoservice after the sale to Midwest is insufficient to defeat summary judgment. See Gurnik v. Lee (1992), Ind.App., 587 N.E.2d 706, 710 (proceeds from sale of company's assets distributed to its majority shareholder was not sufficient to justify piercing the corporate veil). Winkler has not satisfied his burden to preclude summary judgment for Overbay.

Reed

Similarly, Reed also contends it was not a party to Winkler's employment contract with Typoservice and therefore is not liable for any breach. See Implement Service, supra, at 1182 (contract claims can only be brought against party or privy to contract). Winkler admits Reed did not sign the employment contract but argues that Reed assumed the employment contract when its wholly owned subsidiary, Midwest, purchased Typoservice's assets. Reed denies any liability arising out of Midwest's purchase of Typoservice's assets because Midwest is a separate entity from Reed. In response, Winkler contends Midwest is the alter-ego of Reed, and the corporate veil should be pierced. ¹

Midwest agreed to purchase Typoservice's assets. In doing so, Midwest did not become liable for all of Typoservice's debts and liabilities. "Under the well-settled rule of corporate law, where one company sells or transfers all of its assets to another, the second entity does not become liable for the debts and liabilities, including torts, of the transferor." Markham v. Prutsman Mirror Co. (1991), Ind.App., ...