Withey v. Perales, 70

• Decision Date: 03 December 1990
• Docket Number: No. 70,D,70
• Citation: 920 F.2d 156
• Parties: Duane WITHEY and Ethel Siplin, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Cesar PERALES, individually and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Social Services, W. Michael Woodhouse, as Commissioner of the Livingston County Department of Social Services, and W. Burton Richardson, as Director of the Monroe County Department of Social Services, and Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., as Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendants, Cesar Perales, individually and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Social Services, and Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., as Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendants-Appellees. ocket 90-6107.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Second Circuit

Page 156

920 F.2d 156

59 USLW 2383

Duane WITHEY and Ethel Siplin, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Cesar PERALES, individually and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Social Services, W. Michael Woodhouse, as Commissioner of the Livingston County Department of Social Services, and W. Burton Richardson, as Director of the Monroe County Department of Social Services and Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., as Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendants Cesar Perales, individually and as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Social Services, and Louis W. Sullivan, M.D., as Secretary of Health and Human Services Defendants-Appellees.

No. 70, Docket 90-6107.

United States Court of Appeals Second Circuit.

Argued Sept. 11, 1990.

Decided Dec. 3, 1990.

Bryan D. Hetherington, Rochester, N.Y. (Martha A. Roberts, Leanna Hart-Gipson, Monroe County Legal Assistance Corp., Rochester, N.Y., of counsel), for plaintiffs-appellants.

Lisa S. Farringer, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C. (Stuart M. Gerson, Asst. Atty. Gen., Barbara C. Biddle, Dept. of Justice, Washington, D.C., Dennis C. Vacco, U.S. Atty., W.D.N.Y., Rochester, N.Y., of counsel), for defendant-appellee Sullivan.

Daniel Smirlock, Asst. Atty. Gen., Albany, N.Y. (Robert Abrams, Atty. Gen. of the State of N.Y., Peter H. Schiff, Deputy Sol. Gen., Nancy A. Spiegel, Asst. Atty. Gen., Albany, N.Y., of counsel), for defendant-appellee Perales.

Before LUMBARD, WINTER, and MINER, Circuit Judges.

WINTER, Circuit Judge:

This appeal presents the issue of whether a federal regulation and a companion New York State statute, which together impose a limitations period on claims for underpayment by recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children ("AFDC"), violate a federal statute that requires state agencies administering AFDC benefits to "promptly take all necessary steps to correct any overpayment or underpayment of aid." 42 U.S.C. Sec. 602(a)(22). We conclude that Section 602(a)(22) does not preclude a limitations period on claims of underpayment.

BACKGROUND

The AFDC program is a cooperative state-federal venture authorized by the Social Security Act. See 42 U.S.C. Secs. 601-17 (1988). It is intended to provide financial assistance to needy dependent children and their custodial parents or relatives. In order to participate in the program, states must submit a plan to the Secretary of Health and Human Services ("the Secretary") that meets various statutory requirements. See 42 U.S.C. Sec. 602(a)-(b). Once its plan is approved by the Secretary, a state is eligible to receive matching funds from the federal government for AFDC benefits paid out by the state. See 42 U.S.C. Sec. 603. Also, the Secretary is authorized to issue regulations to implement the AFDC program. See 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1302.

The regulation at issue in the instant matter states that an AFDC recipient wishing to appeal state agency action "shall be provided reasonable time, not to exceed 90 days, in which to appeal an agency action." 45 C.F.R. Sec. 205.10(a)(5)(iii) (1989). New York Social Services Law Section 22(4) ("NYSSL Sec. 22(4)") is part of New York's plan and was enacted pursuant to the quoted AFDC regulation. NYSSL Sec. 22(4) requires that "any appeal pursuant to this section must be requested within sixty days after the date of the action or failure to act complained of." N.Y.Soc.Serv. Law Sec. 22(4)(a) (McKinney 1983 & Supp.1990).

In 1985, appellant Duane Withey received AFDC benefits from New York State through the Livingston County Department of Social Services. In 1986, appellant Ethel Siplin received aid through the Monroe County Department of Social Services. In each case, the County Department reduced the recipient's benefits, in Withey's case because his earned income rendered him ineligible, and in Siplin's case because of an alleged overpayment and increased earned income. Both appellants requested hearings to contest the reduction in benefits but were denied relief because their requests were made more than sixty days after the reduction and were time-barred under NYSSL Sec. 22(4).

Appellants then brought the instant action for declaratory and injunctive relief in the Western District of New York. Appellants alleged that the limitations period of the federal regulation and NYSSL Sec. 22(4) contravene Section 602(a)(22), which requires that "[a] State plan for aid and services to needy families with children must ... provide that the State agency will promptly take all necessary steps to correct any overpayment or underpayment of aid under the State plan." ¹

On cross-motions for summary judgment, the district court held for the defendants. Finding that neither the text nor the legislative history of Section 602(a)(22) specifically addresses the issue of a limitations period, the district court deferred to the Secretary's interpretation of the statute, which it found to be reasonable. We agree.

DISCUSSION

The AFDC regulation requiring a limitations period was promulgated in 1973. See 38 Fed.Reg. 22,007 (1973). Congress enacted Section 602(a)(22) in 1982 in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, Pub.L. No. 97-35, Sec. 2318, 95 Stat. 357, 856-57. By continuing to enforce the regulation, the Secretary has implicitly determined that its limitations provision does not contravene Section 602(a)(22).

Judicial review of an implementing agency's interpretation of a federal statute is governed by Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). Under the Chevron analysis, a reviewing court must determine whether "Congress has directly spoken to the precise question at issue." Id. at 842, 104 S.Ct. at 2781. If the court finds that Congress did so speak, then the court "must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress." Id. at 842-43, 104 S.Ct. at 2781. If, however, the court determines that "the statute is silent or ambiguous with respect to the specific issue," id. at 843, 104 S.Ct. at 2782, then the court must defer to any reasonable construction of the statute by the implementing agency, see id. at 843-44, 104 S.Ct. at 2781-82, "unless the legislative history of the enactment shows with sufficient clarity that the agency construction is contrary to the will of Congress," Japan Whaling Ass'n v. American Cetacean Society, 478 U.S. 221, 233, 106 S.Ct. 2860, 2867, 92 L.Ed.2d 166 (1986). Applying the Chevron analysis, we conclude that the statutory language of Section 602(a)(22) does not address the specific issue at hand, that the Secretary's interpretation is not clearly controverted by the legislative history, and that the regulation is reasonable.

The text of Section 602(a)(22) provides no support whatsoever for an inference that Congress has "directly spoken to the precise question at issue," namely, the permissibility of a limitations period within which an AFDC recipient must assert a claim for underpayment. The statutory direction that a state agency "will promptly take all necessary steps to correct any overpayment or underpayment of aid," manifests no "unambiguously expressed intent of Congress" with respect to a limitations period for the presentation of claims for underpayment. The statute is simply silent on the issue.

We also conclude that the legislative history of Section 602(a)(22) does not "show[ ] with sufficient clarity that the agency construction is contrary to the will of Congress." Japan Whaling, 478 U.S. at 233, 106 S.Ct. at 2867. At best the legislative history of the enactment is as ambiguous as the text itself with respect to procedure for recovery. See S.Rep. No. 139, 97th Cong., 1st Sess. 441, 519, reprinted in 1981 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 396, 707, 785-86; H.R.Conf.Rep. No. 208, 97th Cong., 1st Sess. 983, reprinted in 1981 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin.News 1010, 1345. Here again Congress simply did not address the issue of a limitations period. Indeed, because 45 C.F.R. Sec. 205.10(a)(5)(iii) was in place when Congress passed the statute, one might have expected some explicit reference to it if Congress intended to eliminate all time limits.

Appellants argue that Tambe v. Bowen, 839 F.2d 108 (2d Cir.1988), and Edwards v. McMahon, 834 F.2d 796 (9th Cir.1987), require us to conclude otherwise. Both cases addressed the question of whether the Secretary could restrict recovery for underpayment to current recipients of AFDC benefits and thus deny relief to former recipients who had been underpaid. In Edwards, the Ninth Circuit ruled that the Secretary could not limit recovery in this manner. Interpreting the text of Section 602(a)(22), the court stated, " 'All' means every. 'Any' means without restriction or limitation. The plain meaning of the statute could not be broader. Congress intended all underpayments to be corrected." 834 F.2d at 799. In Tambe, we followed Edwards, quoting the above language. See 839 F.2d at 110.

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