Wolf v. State

• Decision Date: 09 November 2021
• Docket Number: No. ED 109326,ED 109326
• Citation: 637 S.W.3d 540
• Parties: Timothy WOLF, Appellant, v. STATE of Missouri, Respondent.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

637 S.W.3d 540

Timothy WOLF, Appellant,

v.STATE of Missouri, Respondent.

No. ED 109326

Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, DIVISION ONE.

Filed: November 9, 2021

Motion for Rehearing and/or Transfer to Supreme Court Denied December 20, 2021

Application for Transfer Denied February 8, 2022

Susan Alexander DeGeorge, 1010 Market Street, Suite 1100, Saint Louis, MO 63101, for appellant.

Evan J. Buchheim, P.O. Box 899, 221 West High Street, Jefferson City, MO 65102, for respondent.

John P. Torbitzky, J.

Introduction

Timothy M. Wolf appeals from the circuit court's judgment overruling his motion for post-conviction relief under Rule 24.035.¹Because Wolf failed to file an affidavit asserting his indigency with his pro se motion, the circuit court did not err in overruling Wolf's motion without appointing counsel.The judgment is affirmed.

Factual and Procedural Background

On April 3, 2018, Wolf pleaded guilty to felony stealing and entered an Alford plea to involuntary manslaughter and possession of a controlled substance.That same day, the circuit court sentenced Wolf to serve thirteen years in the Missouri Department of Corrections.Wolf filed a pro se "Motion to Vacate" on October, 23, 2020, more than two years after the deadline provided by Rule 24.035.

Wolf's motion alleged that his convictions, and resulting sentences, were illegal because he was transferred from the custody of the United States Marshals Service to the custody of St. Charles County.Wolf argued that the transfer constituted an illegal seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment, denied him due process in violation of the Fifth Amendment, and violated various rights protected by the Sixth and Eleventh amendments to the U.S. Constitution.Wolf's motion did not cite or reference Rule 24.035, which sets forth the exclusive procedure by which a person convicted on a plea of guilty may seek post-conviction relief from a sentence or conviction.

Wolf did not submit his motion using Criminal Procedure Form 40, with which all motions filed under Rule 24.035 must substantially comply.Wolf's motion omitted significant information required by Form 40, including the offenses for which he was sentenced, the date that he was delivered to the custody of the Department of Corrections, whether he pleaded guilty or was convicted of his offenses, and whether he was represented by an attorney in his underlying criminal proceedings.

Wolf's Motion to Vacate also failed to set forth information regarding his ability to pay the costs of proceeding on the motion.Wolf did not file a motion to proceed in forma pauperis, submit an indigency affidavit, or assert in his motion that he was indigent.The circuit court overruled Wolf's motion on November 10, 2020, without appointing counsel.

Ten days later, Wolf filed a notice of appeal and a motion to proceed in forma pauperis in the circuit court.On November 25, 2020, counsel from the Missouri Public Defender's Office entered an appearance in the matter and filed a motion to reconsider and vacatethe circuit court's order overruling Wolf's motion.On February 15, 2021, Wolf filed a motion to pursue an appeal in forma pauperis, which the circuit court granted on February 17, 2021.

The circuit court did not rule on the motion to reconsider or vacate the judgment, which was overruled by operation of Rule 78.06.This appeal followed.

Standard of Review

We review the denial of post-conviction relief to determine "whether the motion court's findings of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous."Anderson v. State , 564 S.W.3d 592, 600(Mo. banc 2018).This Court begins with the presumption that the findings and conclusions of the circuit court are correct.Wilson v. State , 813 S.W.2d 833, 835(Mo. banc 1991)."The motion court's findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous only if, after review of the record, the appellate court is left with the definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made."Cooper v. State , 356 S.W.3d 148, 152(Mo. banc 2011).

Analysis

In Wolf's sole point on appeal, he asserts that the circuit court erred in overruling his Rule 24.035 motion without first appointing counsel.In response, the State argues that the circuit court correctly dismissed Wolf's Motion to Vacate prior to appointing counsel because Wolf's motion did not substantially comply with Criminal Procedure Form 40 as required by Rule 24.035(b).²Because we determine that the circuit court did not err in ruling on the motion without appointing counsel, we need not address the State's argument that Wolf's motion did not substantially comply with Form 40.³

To initiate proceedings under Rule 24.035, a person convicted of a felony on a plea of guilty must "file a motion to vacate, set aside, or correct the judgment substantially in the form of Criminal Procedure Form 40."Rule 24.035(b)." Form 40 serves as a procedural guide to filing motions for postconviction relief."White v. State , 91 S.W.3d 154, 156(Mo. App. W.D.2002).The use of Form 40, or submitting a motion that substantially complies with its requirements, provides the State and the circuit court with an orderly and precise statement of the movant's grounds for relief and support therefore.State v. Owsley , 959 S.W.2d 789, 797(Mo. banc 1997).

Rule 24.035(e) provides, "Within 30 days after an indigent movant files a pro se motion, the court shall cause counsel to be appointed for the movant."If a movant is indigent, appointment of counsel is required, even if the movant's pro se motion is facially untimely, to allow appointed counsel to determine whether an exception to the filing deadline applies.Bonds v. State , 608 S.W.3d 788, 789(Mo. App. E.D.2020)(citingVogl v. State , 437 S.W.3d 218, 226 n.12(Mo. banc 2014)).

The right to counsel created by Rule 24.035(e) is conditioned on the movant's indigency.Williams v. State , 494 S.W.3d 638, 642(Mo. App. W.D.2016).To receive appointed counsel, the movant must provide the circuit court with evidence of indigency at the time the movant files an initial Rule 24.035 motion.State v. Nichols , 865 S.W.2d 435, 438(Mo. App. E.D.1993).⁴This is accomplished by the filing of an affidavit with the motion setting forth information establishing the movant's indigency.Id.Form 40 contains the required affidavit and states, "If the motion is taken in forma pauperis, it shall include an affidavit setting forth information that establishes the movant will be unable to pay costs of the proceedings."

Though indigency should be liberally assessed, a movant must still comply with the indigency affidavit requirements of Rule 24.035 and Form 40.In Bennett v. State , 88 S.W.3d 448(Mo. banc 2002), the Supreme Court of Missouri held that a circuit court erred in overruling a Rule 24.035 motion in which the movant had signed an indigency affidavit but failed to state any facts proving his indigency.The Court held that the signed affidavit was sufficient to alert the circuit court to the possibility of the movant's indigency, at which point the court could take judicial notice that the movant had proceeded in forma pauperis in the original criminal proceeding.Id. at 449-50.The Court's holding expressly depended on the movant's filing of an indigency affidavit.Specifically, the Court held, "if the movant was permitted to proceed in forma pauperis at the time the plea or trial was conducted, the filing of a notarized, in forma pauperis affidavit form with the post-conviction motion is sufficient to appoint counsel."Id. at 450.

When a movant fails to file an indigency affidavit, the circuit court is unable to make a finding that the movant is indigent and is not required to guess about the financial condition of the movant.McElheny v. State , 29 S.W.3d 861, 862-63(Mo. App. S.D.2000)(citingDinwiddie v. State , 905 S.W.2d 879, 882(Mo. App. S.D.1995) ).In such a situation, a circuit court will not be charged with error for ruling on the motion without appointing counsel.See , e.g.Chalk v. State , 990 S.W.2d 87, 88(Mo. App. E.D.1999)("Where a movant files no affidavit of indigency with his Rule 29.15 motion, the motion court does not commit error by failing to appoint counsel to represent him.");Dinwiddie , 905 S.W.2d at 882("Movant filed no affidavit of indigency.The motion court did not commit error, plain or otherwise, by failing to appoint counsel to represent him.").

Here, Wolf failed to file an affidavit of indigency along with his Motion to Vacate.As a result, the circuit court had no evidence that Wolf was indigent and had no basis to appoint counsel at the time the court ruled on Wolf's motion.Though Wolf eventually filed an indigency affidavit, he did so only after the circuit court overruled his initial Rule 24.035 motion.Looking at the evidence in front of the circuit court at the time it acted on the motion, the circuit court did not clearly err in overruling Wolf's motion without appointing counsel.

Every case holding that a circuit court must appoint counsel for an indigent defendant before ruling on a Rule 24.035 motion involves a movant that filed an indigency affidavit along with their Rule 24.035 motion.See, e.g. , Haynes v. State , 553 S.W.3d 885, 886(Mo. App. S.D.2018)("[T]he court received Haynes’ forma pauperis affidavit and pro se Rule 24.035 motion ....");Ramsey v. State , 438 S.W.3d 521, 522(Mo. App. E.D.2014)("[T]he parties do not dispute that Movant's pro se Rule 24.035 motion and indigency affidavit were timely filed ....");Wilson v. State , 415 S.W.3d 727, 728(...