Wollschlager v. Sundstrand Corp.

• Citation: 493 N.E.2d 107,143 Ill.App.3d 347,97 Ill.Dec. 625
• Decision Date: 09 May 1986
• Docket Number: No. 2-85-0354,2-85-0354
• Parties: , 97 Ill.Dec. 625 Joseph F. WOLLSCHLAGER, Plaintiff-Appellant, and Cross-Appellee, v. SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, and Cross-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 107

493 N.E.2d 107

143 Ill.App.3d 347, 97 Ill.Dec. 625

Joseph F. WOLLSCHLAGER, Plaintiff-Appellant, and Cross-Appellee, v. SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, and Cross-Appellant.

No. 2-85-0354.

Appellate Court of Illinois,

Second District.

May 9, 1986.

Joseph F. Wollschlager, pro se.

Hinshaw, Culbertson, Moelmann Hoban & Fuller, Joanna C. New, D. Kendall Griffith, Charles F. Helsten, Chicago, for defendant-appellee and cross-appellant.

Justice STROUSE delivered the opinion of the court:

The plaintiff, Joseph F. Wollschlager, appeals from an order of the circuit court of Winnebago County which granted the motion to dismiss of the defendant, Sundstrand Corporation, pursuant to section 2-615 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110, par. 2-615), and denied the plaintiff's motion for default judgment pursuant to section 2-1301(d) of the Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110, par. 2-1301(d) ). The defendant cross-appeals from the judgment which denied its motion for attorney fees and costs pursuant to section 2-611 of the Code. Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110, par. 2-611.

The plaintiff raises two assignments of error in this court: (1) that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion for default judgment; and (2) that the trial court improperly granted the defendant's motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action. The defendant raises only one assignment of error: that the trial court abused its discretion in denying defendant's motion for attorney fees and costs.

The plaintiff's first contention is that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion for default judgment. Specifically, the plaintiff's complaint was served on the defendant on January 17, 1985. The defendant filed its appearance on February 13, 1985. The defendant's motion to dismiss, dated and mailed on February 20, 1985, and received by the clerk's office prior to March 7, 1985, was filed on March 11, 1985. The plaintiff contends that a minimum of 32 days elapsed between the date of service and the date of the responsive pleading and, therefore, a default judgment was mandated by Supreme Court Rule 181. 87 Ill.2d R. 181. Supreme Court Rule 181 governs only the manner in which a defendant should respond to a summons. It provides that when a summons requires appearance within 30 days after service, "[t]he defendant may make [an] appearance by filing a motion within the 30-day period * * *." (87 Ill.2d R. 181.) The entry of a default judgment as a sanction for failure to respond to a summons is governed by section 2-1301(d) of the Code (Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110, par. 2-1301(d) ). It provides that a "[j]udgment by default may be entered for want of an appearance, or for failure to plead, but the court may in either case, require proof of the allegations of the pleadings upon which relief is sought." Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110, par. 2-1301(d).

It is well established that a sanction should be imposed only if noncompliance is unreasonable. (Bluestein v. Upjohn Co. (1981), 102 Ill.App.3d 672, 679, 58 Ill.Dec. 548, 430 N.E.2d 580.) The frequent use of the word "may" in section 2-1301 indicates that the requirement of sanctions are discretionary. (Ill.Ann.Stat., ch. 110, par. 2-1301, Historical and Practice Notes, at 398 (Smith-Hurd 1983).) Since a default judgment is one of the most drastic sanctions, it should be used as a last resort. 102 Ill.App.3d 672, 679, 58 Ill.Dec. 548, 430 N.E.2d 580; Colonial Penn Insurance Co. v. Tachibana (1977), 53 Ill.App.3d 981, 983, 11 Ill.Dec. 723, 369 N.E.2d 177.

In the present case, we believe that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to enter a default judgment. The defendant filed an appearance prior to the expiration of the 30-day period which put the plaintiff and the court on notice that the defendant was involved in the case and was preparing a response. If the default were entered, it would have to be set aside, as provided by statute (Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110 par. 2-1301(e) ).

Most importantly, the trial judge previously had heard the merits of the case and had granted the defendant's motion to dismiss. However, since his order dismissing the case had not been entered of record, a second judge could not rule on the plaintiff's motion for a writ of error. Therefore, at the time he entered the default judgment, the trial judge was entertaining the case on the plaintiff's motion for writ of error and knew the reasoning behind his prior judgment of dismissal. The effect of a default judgment entered against the defendant would have been that all well-pleaded allegations in the plaintiff's complaint would be deemed admitted. (See In re Estate of Soderholm (1984), 127 Ill.App.3d 871, 882, 82 Ill.Dec. 876, 469 N.E.2d 410; Walgreen Co. v. American National Bank & Trust Co. of Chicago (1972), 4 Ill.App.3d 549, 557, 281 N.E.2d 462.) Since the trial judge already had determined that the allegations in the complaint did not support the plaintiff's cause of action, he did not abuse his discretion in denying the plaintiff's motion for default judgment against the defendant.

The plaintiff's second contention is that the trial court improperly granted the defendant's motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action. Specifically, he claims that his complaint states a cause of action for injunctive relief because, since he is exempt from taxation, the defendant is improperly withholding Federal and State income taxes and social security contributions from his paycheck.

A complaint must state a cause of action in two ways. First, it must be legally sufficient, setting forth a legally recognized claim. (People ex rel. Fahner v. Carriage Way West, Inc. (1981), 88 Ill.2d 300, 308, 58 Ill.Dec. 754, 430 N.E.2d 1005.) Second, it must state facts which bring the claim within that recognized cause of action. If it does not, it must be dismissed. (88 Ill.2d 300, 308, 58 Ill.Dec. 754, 430 N.E.2d 1005.) Pleadings which are subject to a motion to dismiss are to be liberally construed with a view toward doing justice between the parties. Pelham v. Griesheimer (1982), 92 Ill.2d 13, 17, 64 Ill.Dec. 544, 440 N.E.2d 96.

Both State and Federal statutes prohibit an employee from pursuing a cause of action against his or her employer to restrain the collection of taxes from wages. In Illinois, the Income Tax Act (Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 120, par. 7-705) provides, in relevant part, that "[n]o employee shall have any right of action against his [or her] employer in respect of any money deducted and withheld from his [or her] wages and paid over to the Department in compliance or in intended compliance with this Act." Similarly, the Anti-Injunction Act (26 U.S.C.A. sec. 7421(a) (West Supp.1985) ) provides that "no suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection of any tax shall be maintained in any court by any person, whether or not such person is the person against whom such tax was assessed." Federal courts consistently have rejected claims similar to the plaintiff's claim under section 7421(a). See, e.g., Robinson v. A & M Electric, Inc. (10th Cir.1983), 713 F.2d 608, 609; McFarland v. Bechtel Petroleum, Inc. (N.D.Cal.1984), 586 F.Supp. 907, 910; Shaffer v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Service (E.D.La.1981), 515 F.Supp. 748, 751-52; see also Edgar v. Inland Steel Co. (7th Cir.1984), 744 F.2d 1276, 1278.

In addition, the plaintiff has not substantiated his claim of tax exempt status. (See Granzow v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (7th Cir.1984), 739 F.2d 265, 268.) As a result, he may not avoid the directives of the State and Federal statutes and is precluded from seeking injunctive relief against his employer. Since the plaintiff does not set forth a legally recognized claim, we conclude that the trial court correctly determined that the plaintiff failed to state a cause of action against the defendant upon which relief could be granted.

The defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the defendant's motion for attorney fees and costs. Section 2-611 of the Code provides, in pertinent part, that "[a]llegations and denials, made without reasonable cause and found to be untrue, shall subject the party pleading them to the payment of reasonable expenses * * * together with a reasonable attorney's fee * * *." (Ill.Rev.Stat.1983, ch. 110, par. 2-611.) The purpose of section 2-611 is to prevent a litigant from abusing the judicial process by penalizing the party who brings a vexatious or harrassing action without legal foundation or an action that is based on false statements. (In re Petition of Sullivan (1985), 134 Ill.App.3d 455, 466, 89 Ill.Dec. 540, 480 N.E.2d 1283.) Since section 2-611 is penal in nature, it can be invoked only in cases falling strictly within its terms, and each of this section's explicit requirements must be proved. (Sanelli v. Glenview State Bank (1984), 126...