World of Boxing LLC v. King

• Decision Date: 02 February 2015
• Docket Number: No. 14–cv–3791 (SAS).,14–cv–3791 (SAS).
• Citation: 107 F.Supp.3d 265
• Parties: WORLD OF BOXING LLC, Vladimir Hrunov, and Andrey Ryabinskiy, Plaintiffs, v. Don KING and Don King Productions, Inc., Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York

107 F.Supp.3d 265

WORLD OF BOXING LLC, Vladimir Hrunov, and Andrey Ryabinskiy, Plaintiffs,

v.Don KING and Don King Productions, Inc., Defendants.

No. 14–cv–3791 (SAS).

United States District Court, S.D. New York.

Signed Feb. 2, 2015.

Kent A. Yalowitz, Esq., Matthew D. Grant, Esq., Arnold & Porter, LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiffs.

T. Barry Kingham, Esq., Andrew B. Zinham, Esq., Curtis, Mallet–Prevost, Colt and Mosle LLP, New York, NY, for Defendants.

OPINION AND ORDER

SHIRA A. SCHEINDLIN, District Judge:

I. INTRODUCTION

On October 1, 2014, I ruled that Don King, doing business as Don King Productions, breached his agreement with Vladimir Hrunov and Andrey Ryabinskiy, who do business as World of Boxing (collectively "WOB"), when he failed to "cause Guillermo Jones to participate in [a] bout" against Denis Lebedev ("the bout").¹ The remaining question—addressed in this Opinion—is the amount that King owes to WOB. After my merits ruling, WOB moved for summary judgment on a reliance theory of contract damages. For the reasons set forth below, the motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.

II. BACKGROUND

Because WOB's "lost profits"—i.e., its expectation damages—"cannot be reasonably quantified," it seeks instead to recover the costs it incurred in anticipation of the bout.² These costs are divided into two categories. First, per the terms of the parties' agreement, WOB paid $800,000 into an escrow account, of which "$250,000 [was] immediately payable to King."³ Second, WOB expended approximately one million dollars in preparation for the bout. These expenses include, inter alia, transportation, lodging, facilities, and promotion.⁴ WOB has moved to recover both categories of costs, for a total of approximately $1.8 million.⁵ Of this, King concedes that $536,000—which represents the portion of the escrow account not immediately payable to King ($550,000), minus legal fees, plus interest—is due to WOB per the terms of the parties' escrow agreement ("Agreement").⁶ The parties' dispute therefore concerns (1) the remaining $250,000 from the escrow account, and (2) the one million dollars of preparatory costs.

King has raised two arguments. First, he maintains that WOB should not be able to recover the $250,000 that was immediately payable to him upon execution of the Agreement. According to King, the disposition of that sum is governed by the terms of the Agreement, which earmarks the $250,000 as a "non-refundable" payment to King, to be retained "whether or not the bout occur [s]."⁷ Second, King argues that although WOB is correct that "New York law provides for recovery of reasonable, foreseeable, reliance damages," those damages must be offset by "any loss that ... the injured party would have suffered had the contract been performed."⁸ And in this case—according to King—WOB would have incurred significant losses even if the bout had gone forward. Therefore, its reliance damages should be capped at the amount of revenue that WOB could reasonably have expected from the bout, which, if measured in terms of the ticket sales that WOB was forced to refund, is just shy of $100,000.⁹ In light of this, King asks this Court either (1) to enter judgment for WOB in that amount, plus return of the $536,000 currently being held in escrow, or (2) to deny WOB's motion on the grounds that parties have a material dispute of fact regarding whether, and to what extent, WOB would have suffered losses if the bout had occurred.¹⁰

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Summary judgment is appropriate "only where, construing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the [non-moving party] and drawing all reasonable inferences in that party's favor, there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and ... the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law."¹¹

IV. APPLICABLE LAW

New York courts have long distinguished between two different forms of redress in breach of contract suits: "expectation damages" and "reliance damages."¹² Expectation damages provide the injured party with the benefit she would have enjoyed had no breach occurred—i.e., they aim to fulfill the injured party's expectations from the contract.¹³ Reliance damages, by contrast, seek to restore the injured party to the position she was in before the contract was formed.¹⁴ They allow for recovery of "expenditures [the injured party] made in reliance on defendant's representations and that he otherwise would not have made."¹⁵ Under New York law,¹⁶ when expectation damages defy precise calculation, reliance damages are the appropriate remedy.¹⁷ That is what WOB seeks.

To calculate reliance damages, courts must assess the costs that "a plaintiff [incurred from] ... ‘expenditures made in preparation for performance or in performance, less any loss that ... the injured party would have suffered had the contract been performed.’ "¹⁸ The purpose of offsetting reliance damages against anticipated losses is to ensure that contract damages do no more than make an injured party whole—i.e., to ensure that damages do not "put the plaintiff [ ] in a better position than he would have occupied had the contract been fully performed."¹⁹ Thus, "[i]f the breaching party establishes that the plaintiff's losses upon full performance would have equaled or exceeded its reliance expenditures, the plaintiff will recover nothing under a reliance theory."²⁰

Typically, the party who moves for summary judgment bears the burden of demonstrating that no material dispute of fact exists. In this context, however, it is the party in breach —in this case, King—that bears the burden of "prov[ing] with reasonable certainty" what losses the "injured party would have suffered" in the event that all contractual obligations had been properly discharged.²¹

V. DISCUSSION

A. The Escrow Account

King's position—which WOB makes no effort to contest—is that under the terms of the Agreement, $250,000 of the $800,000 deposit was intended as an "immediately payable," non-refundable signing bonus.²² I agree. The Agreement explicitly contemplates the possibility of the bout "fail[ing] to take place."²³ And in that case, King has the right—under the Agreement—to retain the $250,000.²⁴ If WOB sought a refund of King's signing bonus in the event of a breach, it could have bargained for a provision to that effect. It did not. The money belongs to King.

B. The Preparatory Expenditures

King does not argue that WOB's preparatory expenditures are improperly calculated.²⁵ Nor does he claim that any of WOB's preparatory expenditures were not reasonable or foreseeable. Instead, King invokes the principle that reliance damages should be offset against losses that WOB "reasonabl[y] certain[ly]" would have incurred, and he argues that WOB's damages should therefore be capped at $98,607—the value of the tickets that WOB had to refund as a consequence of the bout's cancellation.

King's argument rests on the premise that WOB stood to derive only one type of benefit from the bout, had the bout gone forward—revenue already realized from ticket sales prior to the breach. This premise is erroneous. In fact, there are (at least) two other types of benefits that WOB might have enjoyed in connection with the bout.

First, WOB might well have realized revenue during and after the bout. Maxim Kopylkov, custodian of financial records for the WOB, testified that WOB "expected to receive an undetermined amount of revenue from the television broadcast of [the bout] and from business generated by promotional and advertising activity during [the bout]."²⁶ King complains—correctly—that WOB has not provided a rigorous accounting of the post-bout revenue it expected to receive.²⁷ But that is not surprising. The whole reason that WOB is seeking reliance damages rather than expectation damages is that its projected profits (and losses) from the bout are a matter of speculation. To fault WOB for failing to offer concrete projections of post-bout profit would reverse the burden of proof. It is not WOB's burden to prove how much profit it stood to gain. Rather, because King seeks to reduce the amount of preparatory costs that WOB can recover—costs that King admits WOB would not have incurred had no agreement existed—King has the burden to prove with certainty that WOB would not have made further revenue.

King has not sustained his burden. He has offered no theory—much less any factual material—to suggest that WOB would have seen no financial upside from the television broadcasting of such a hotly anticipated match.²⁸ The lack of supporting evidence is not surprising, because King's economic analysis makes little sense. If King is right, WOB's revenue from the bout would have been less than the amount it pledged to King as a signing bonus, even putting every other preparatory cost to one side. That hypothesis is implausible. This was no small-time bout; it was the Cruiserweight World Title match. Furthermore, WOB and King are both sophisticated parties, with proven track records in the boxing world. Although it is certainly possible that WOB agreed to underwrite a bout of this import without realizing how drastically its costs would outstrip its gains,²⁹ that explanation seems very unlikely. And King has given the Court no reason to think it more likely on the specific facts of this case.

Second, WOB might have expected to derive future benefits from the bout—benefits that would not be manifest in immediate revenue, but that would nevertheless make the bout a worthwhile investment for WOB. Indeed, this possibility underscores the conceptual error at the heart of King's position. It disregards the fact that businesses can—and often do—engage in rational loss-leading. There are numerous ways that WOB might have derived value from the bout after the fact. Post-event gains might have included, for example, profit from future re-broadcasting; the benefit of a continued business relationship with Lebedev (the boxer whom WOB was promoting); or simply the creation of a positive...