Wyrembelski v. City of St. Clair Shores

• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan
• Writing for the Court: PER CURIAM
• Citation: Wyrembelski v. City of St. Clair Shores, 218 Mich.App. 125, 553 N.W.2d 651 (Mich. App. 1996)
• Decision Date: 02 August 1996
• Docket Number: No. 178928,178928
• Parties: Gordon H. WYREMBELSKI and Sandy Wyrembelski, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF ST. CLAIR SHORES, Defendant-Appellee.

Page 651

553 N.W.2d 651

218 Mich.App. 125

Gordon H. WYREMBELSKI and Sandy Wyrembelski, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF ST. CLAIR SHORES, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 178928.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted April 17, 1996, at Detroit.

Decided Aug. 2, 1996, at 9:10 a.m.

Released for Publication Sept. 27, 1996.

W.J. Brady & Associates, P.C. by William J. Brady, Warren, for plaintiffs.

Johnson, Rosati, Galica, Shifman, LaBarge, Aseltyne, Sugameli & Field, P.C. by J. Russell LaBarge and Daniel P. Dalton, Farmington Hills, for defendant.

Before: MURPHY, P.J., and REILLY, and C.W. SIMON, Jr. ^* , JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Plaintiffs appeal as of right a circuit court order granting defendant's motion for summary disposition. We reverse.

Gordon Wyrembelski broke his leg while playing hockey at Olympia Ice Arena when his skate got caught in a "trough" or rut near the boards. The arena was owned and operated by defendant the city. The city leased ice time to JMP Enterprises, which organized and operated the league in which Gordon was playing at the time of the injury. JMP organized the league through USA Hockey. An individual membership registration form that Gordon signed before the injury occurred contains a section that releases "USA Hockey, its Affiliates, their sponsors, event organizers and officials from any liability therefor."

Plaintiffs sued the city for negligence. The city filed a motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(7), (8), and (10). The trial court granted the city's motion on the basis of the release quoted in part above.

Plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in determining that the city was an "Affiliate" of USA Hockey. We agree.

The city submitted an affidavit of the city's director of parks and recreation concerning the relationship between USA Hockey and the city. The affidavit states that "JMP Enterprises leased ice time from the City of St. Clair Shores, and its adult hockey league, on the date of the accident," and that the city "neither organized nor operated" the league on which Gordon played. The affidavit also states, "The City of St. Clair Shores host [sic] events or tournaments from USA Hockey in the Amateur Hockey Association for all levels of play." The city argued, without supporting its assertions with evidence, that it "works closely with USA Hockey in hosting tournaments for all levels of play, from age 4 through age 30 and above. It must work with USA Hockey, or else it cannot participate in any regional, local[,] state or national tournaments."

The law relating to summary disposition on the basis of a release can be summarized as follows:

Summary disposition of a plaintiff's complaint is proper where there exists a valid release of liability between the parties. MCR 2.116(C)(7). A release of liability is valid if it is fairly and knowingly made. The scope of a release is governed by the intent of the parties as it is expressed in the release. [Adell v. Sommers, Schwartz, Silver & Schwartz, P.C., 170 Mich.App. 196, 201, 428 N.W.2d 26 (1988) (citations omitted).]

If the text in the release is unambiguous, we must ascertain the parties' intentions from the plain, ordinary meaning of the language of the release. The fact that the parties dispute the meaning of a release does not, in itself, establish an ambiguity. A contract is ambiguous only if its language is reasonably susceptible to more than one interpretation. If the terms of the release are unambiguous, contradictory inferences become "subjective, and irrelevant", and the legal effect of the language is a question of law to be resolved summarily. [Gortney v. Norfolk & Western R. Co., 216 Mich.App. 535, 540-541, 549 N.W.2d 612 (1996) (citations omitted) ].

We conclude that the city was not entitled to summary disposition on the basis of the release. The fact that the city hosts USA Hockey tournaments does not make it an "Affiliate" of USA Hockey. The type of relationship necessary to be considered an affiliate can be gleaned from a review of cases in which the meaning of "affiliate" was at issue.

The Michigan cases that are on point provide examples of entities having relationships that were sufficiently close that this Court has agreed the entities were "affiliates." In Frigid Food Products, Inc. v. Detroit, 31 Mich.App. 402, 187 N.W.2d 916 (1971), this Court held that a company whose officers, board of directors, and stockholders were identical (with one exception) to another company was an "affiliate" for the purposes of M.C.L. § 211.9; M.S.A. § 7.9. ¹

In Snite v. Life Ins. Co. of North America, 73 Mich.App. 207, 251 N.W.2d 300 (1977), this Court considered the meaning of "affiliate" in the context of an exclusion to a life insurance policy. The policy applied to losses resulting from travel or flight in any aircraft, except where the aircraft was owned by or leased " 'on behalf of the Policyholder [Grand Rapids Label] or any subsidiary or affiliate of such Policyholder.' " Id. at 209, 251 N.W.2d 300. The aircraft involved in the loss was owned by GRP, Ltd. This Court referred to the following facts in its discussion of whether GRP, Ltd. was an affiliate of Grand Rapids Label:

(1) GRP, Ltd. was incorporated approximately two weeks prior to the fatal accident; (2) GRP, Ltd. was the owner of the airplane; (3) the sole purpose of GRP, Ltd. was to make arrangements with Grand Rapids Label and its partner [Grand Rapids Forging] for the use of the plane; (4) 50 per cent of the stock of GRP, Ltd. was owned by Grand Rapids Label; (5) the president of Grand Rapids Label was also the president of GRP, Ltd. [Id. at 210, 251 N.W.2d 300.]

These cases support plaintiffs' view that the city is not an affiliate of USA Hockey merely by the fact that it hosts tournaments. However, we also examined cases from other jurisdictions to ascertain the expansiveness of the term.

In Travelers Indemnity Co. v. United States, 543 F.2d 71 (C.A.9, 1976), the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals considered the meaning of the phrase "affiliated or associated" in the context of a subrogation clause in an insurance policy. Finding that the clause was ambiguous, the court attempted to interpret the clause in a manner consistent with intentions of the parties. Id. at 75.

[T]he terms "associated" and "affiliated" envision an intimate business relationship in which significant aspects of financial and managerial control of the insured and the affiliate or associate are integrated. More is required than common ownership and a limited sharing of facilities which aids each owner to pursue his independent and separate objectives. [Id. at 76.]

The court held that despite "overlapping or common ownership and control, and mutuality of interest in the Malin Substation," the entities were "separate" "independent," "not financially interrelated," and were pursuing "separate and distinct objectives." Id. Accordingly, the court held that the entities were not "affiliated or associated."

The court cited In re Marine Sulphur Transport Corp., 312 F.Supp. 1081 (S.D.N.Y., 1970), aff'd and modified on other grounds 460 F.2d 89 (C.A.2, 1972), in support of its determination. In that case, the court rejected the argument that "a simple and arm's length" contractual relationship between two corporations made them "affiliated and/or associated and/or allied." Id. at 1103.

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