Yates v. Large

• Decision Date: 31 October 1978
• Citation: 284 Or. 217,585 P.2d 697
• Parties: Lena YATES, Appellant, v. Suzanne Elisabeth LARGE aka Suzanne Elisabeth Wright, Respondent. TC 77-0686; SC 25507.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 697

585 P.2d 697

284 Or. 217

Lena YATES, Appellant, v. Suzanne Elisabeth LARGE aka Suzanne Elisabeth Wright, Respondent.

TC 77-0686; SC 25507.

Supreme Court of Oregon, Department 2.

Argued and Submitted Oct. 12, 1978.

Decided Oct. 31, 1978.

R. Scott Taylor of Taylor & Taylor, Veneta, argued the cause and filed the brief for appellant.

Larry W. Stuber of Goode, Goode, Decker & Hinson, P.C., Albany, argued the cause for respondent. On the brief was James C. Goode, of Goode, Goode, Decker & Hinson, P.C., Albany.

Before TONGUE, P. J., and HOWELL, BRYSON and LINDE, JJ.

TONGUE, Justice.

This is a personal injury action arising from an automobile accident. The verdict of the jury was that defendant was 57 percent negligent; that plaintiff was 43 percent negligent, and that plaintiff's total damages were $11,462.50. Plaintiff appeals from the resulting judgment for $6,533.63.

Plaintiff assigns as error the refusal of the court to instruct the jury that in assessing damages in a personal injury action the jury shall not consider the ability of the defendant to pay. Plaintiff contends that it was error to refuse to give that instruction because defendant "interjected into the trial of this case the issue of defendant's ability to pay" both by testimony and by argument to the jury.

Defendant denies the offer of any improper testimony or argument and contends that, in any event, the requested instruction was not "neutral" in that it referred only to consideration of the financial condition of the defendant, rather than to that of both parties.

Of more importance, however, plaintiff did not assign as error the denial of any objections to such testimony or argument and made no motion for mistrial or to admonish the jury to disregard any such evidence or argument. Also, the court instructed the jury that it was "not to allow bias, sympathy or prejudice any place in your deliberations, for all parties are equal before the law." On this state of the record we decline to reverse the trial court for refusing to give the requested instruction.

Plaintiff next assigns as error the withdrawal by the trial court from consideration by the jury of plaintiff's specification of defendant's negligence in failing to properly signal her intention to make a left turn when there was evidence of a "visual obstruction" between plaintiff's and defendant's cars. In support of that assignment of error plaintiff contends that even if all of the evidence was that defendant had activated her "blinker" turn signal approximately 100 feet before she made the turn, with no evidence to the contrary, and even if that signal was operating properly and was "plainly visible" to cars following her car, the giving of such a signal did not satisfy the requirements of ORS 483.126 because that statute requires the giving of "a proper signal which is plainly visible to the driver of such other vehicle" (i. e., "any other vehicle (which) may be affected by such movement"). ¹ In this case plaintiff contends that there was a "blind spot" between defendant's car and plaintiff's car, with the result that plaintiff and her passenger did not see defendant's car until it was turning in front of them in their lane of traffic.

Under such an interpretation of ORS 483.126(1), the driver of an automobile could not discharge his duty to give a "plainly visible" signal of intention to make a turn by turning on his "turn blinkers," so as to give a signal which would normally be "plainly visible" to the drivers of "any other vehicle (which) may be affected" if, by chance, there is some obstruction which prevents the driver of some other car from seeing the "turn signal" that has been given, as by another vehicle between defendant's car and plaintiff's car. In our judgment, such an interpretation of the statute would be absurd and could not have been intended by the legislature. ²

Plaintiff's third assignment of error is that the court erred in permitting defendant to amend his answer and thus to withdraw a judicial admission of the amount of plaintiff's damages by defendant's counsel in open court.

It appears that plaintiff's original complaint alleged $150,000 in general damages and $9,344.42 in special damages, including $6,449.02 in medical and hospital expenses.

Defendant's amended answer to that complaint admitted that plaintiff incurred "some injury and medical expense" and alleged that:

"Defendant denies that plaintiff's general and special damages, in total, exceed the sum of $17,500."

On August 24, 1977, some two weeks before trial, plaintiff filed an amended complaint, alleging $9,110 in special damages, but reducing the claim for medical and hospital expenses by the amounts paid by plaintiff's "automobile insurance carrier," (apparently under P.I.P. coverage).

On August 29th defendant moved to strike some of the alleged items of special damages. That motion was denied on August 31st. Plaintiff then filed a motion to make more definite and certain the allegation of defendant's previous answer that plaintiff's general and special damages did not exceed $17,500. That motion was argued at the beginning of the trial. During the course of that argument defendant's attorney stated that a plaintiff can allege general and special damages "in a lump"; that defendant had denied that the total damages exceeded $17,500, and should not be required "to specify how much is general and how much is special," but agreed with a statement by the court that "if liability is proven that he would admit at least generals and specials that would total $17,500."

At the beginning of the second day of trial defendant moved for leave to file an answer to plaintiff's amended complaint alleging, among other things, that "defendant denies that plaintiff's general and special damages, in total, exceed the sum of $11,462.50." Plaintiff objected on the ground, among others, that defendant had previously admitted that if liability was proven plaintiff's general and special damages would not exceed $17,500.

During the course of argument on that motion defendant's attorney stated that in making that admission he had assumed "that the amount of the special damages being claimed was the total amount and not the net amount," after allowing credit "for what we (sic) had already paid toward the specials"; that in previously admitting $17,500 in total damages he was, in effect, conceding about $9,000 in general damages, and that "now with them seeking just the net amount, the credit would not be appropriate because they're not asking for what has already been paid."

The following colloquy is not entirely clear. The court inquired as to the amount of that difference. Plaintiff's attorney responded that "* * * sixty-one hundred, (dollars) is the difference in specials," but contended that defendant was aware of that fact when he made the admission of $17,500.

The court then stated that "the fair thing to do would be to simply reduce the $17,500 by a reduction in the specials" and ruled, over plaintiff's objection, that defendant be permitted to file the amended answer.

At the conclusion of the trial the jury found that plaintiff's "total money damages" were $11,462.50, on a form of verdict which included the notation "not less than $11,462.50."

An admission of fact in a pleading is a judicial admission and, as such, is normally conclusive on the party making such an admission. Borgert v. Spurling et...