Young v. Seven Bar Flying Service, Inc.

• Decision Date: 05 July 1984
• Citation: 101 N.M. 545,685 P.2d 953
• Court: New Mexico Supreme Court

101 N.M. 545

685 P.2d 953

Jacob YOUNG, Plaintiff-Appellant v SEVEN BAR FLYING SERVICE, INC., and National Union Fire Insurance Company, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 15149.

Supreme Court of New Mexico.

July 5, 1984.

Rehearing Denied Aug. 22, 1984

Civerolo, Hansen & Wolf, P.A., C. LeRoy Hansen, Albuquerque, for plaintiff-appellant. Keleher & McLeod, P.A., Robert C. Conklin, Albuquerque, for defendants-appellees.

OPINION

FEDERICI, Chief Justice.

Appellant Jacob Young (Young) owned a Cessna 206 aircraft which he purchased from, and leased back to, Seven Bar Flying Service (Seven Bar). Seven Bar included the Cessna on its master insurance policy which it purchased from National Union Fire Insurance Company (National Union). Young separately insured the Cessna, as required in the lease agreement, with Puritan Insurance Company (Puritan). On April 2, 1980, while leased to Seven Bar, the aircraft was stolen from its Seven Bar hangar and never recovered. Young received $71,900 from Puritan. He brought this suit on April 13, 1982, against Seven Bar for breach of the lease agreement and negligent failure to provide security for his aircraft; and against National Union, claiming wrongful refusal to pay his claim for theft of the aircraft. The Bernalillo County District Court granted National Union's motion for summary judgment and also granted Seven Bar's motion for partial summary judgment. Young appeals from both of these orders. We affirm.

I. Grant of Partial Summary Judgment to Seven Bar

Young, in his first amended complaint, alleged that Seven Bar breached the lease agreement by: (1) failing to return the aircraft at the expiration of the lease contract; (2) failing to provide adequate security for the aircraft; (3) failing to provide proper insurance as required by the lease; and (4) failing to indemnify Young for his loss as required by the lease. The trial court, in granting Seven Bar partial summary judgment, found that Young's claims against Seven Bar were barred to the extent of his $71,900 recovery from Puritan.

Young contends that the trial court erroneously construed the lease agreement, and that the court's construction of the agreement presupposes an ambiguity which creates a genuine issue of material fact. We disagree.

Summary judgment is a remedy which should be used with caution. Cebolleta Land Grant ex rel. Board of Trustees v. Romero, 98 N.M. 1, 644 P.2d 515 (1982). When considering a motion for summary judgment, the trial court must give the party opposing the motion the benefit of all reasonable doubts in determining whether a genuine issue exists. Goodman v. Brock, 83 N.M. 789, 498 P.2d 676 (1972). However, only genuine issues of material fact preclude summary judgment. Id.; NMSA 1978, Civ.P.R. 56(c) (Repl.Pamp.1980). Disputed facts as to immaterial issues do not require reversal of a summary judgment. Oschwald v. Christie, 95 N.M. 251, 620 P.2d 1276 (1980).

On appeal, no issues were raised as to the validity of the lease agreement in this case, or as to the general question of the enforceability of exculpatory clauses in bailment contracts. See Omni Aviation Managers, Inc. v. Buckley,97 N.M. 477, 641 P.2d 508 (1982). Young relies entirely on the trial court's construction of the lease agreement in contending that material factual issues exist which preclude summary judgment. The question of whether a contract is ambiguous, so as to call for extrinsic evidence, is a matter of law for the court to decide. Young v. Thomas, 93 N.M. 677, 604 P.2d 370 (1979). The trial court's partial summary judgment to Seven Bar based on the court's construction of the lease makes it apparent that the court found the lease to be unambiguous. We agree, and hold that Young's contentions are insufficient to support a reversal of the summary judgment. See Spears v. Canon de Carnue Land Grant, 80 N.M. 766, 461 P.2d 415 (1969); Harris v. Four Hills Development Corp., 79 N.M. 370, 443 P.2d 863 (1968).

The lease in this case contained provisions requiring both parties to insure the aircraft. The lease described the type and deductible amount of the insurance to be purchased, and further stated: “Any liability from any occurrance [sic] or property damage to said aircraft which occurs while in the operation or possession of Lessee, which shall not be covered by insurance, shall be paid for by Lessee.” (Emphasis added.)

The record in this case supports the trial court's construction of the contract and the court's entry of summary judgment in favor of Seven Bar. Young's contention of the existence of a material issue of fact does not make it so. SeeWisehart v. Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Co., 80 N.M. 251, 453 P.2d 771 (Ct.App.), cert. denied, 80 N.M. 234, 453 P.2d 597 (1969).

The trial court did not err in entering summary judgment in favor of Seven Bar.

II. Grant of Summary Judgment to National Union

Young contends that the trial court erred in granting National Union summary judgment on the basis of the twelve-month time to sue provision in Seven Bar's master policy. In New Mexico, provisions in insurance policies which limit the period within which suit may be brought after damage occurs are valid and enforceable if the time period is reasonable.Sanchez v. Kemper Insurance Co., 96 N.M. 466, 632 P.2d 343 (1981); see Wiseman v. Arrow Freightways, Inc., 89 N.M. 392, 552 P.2d 1240 (Ct.App.), cert. denied, 90 N.M. 9, 558 P.2d 621 (1976). Young maintains that, although the provision is valid, questions of fact exist as to whether National Union waived the limitation and is estopped from asserting the limitation since Young was never provided with a copy of the policy.

Waiver is an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right. Cooper v. Albuquerque City Commission, 85 N.M. 786, 518 P.2d 275 (1974). Estoppel arises when an individual has been induced by the conduct of another to do, or forebear from doing, something he would or would not have done but for such conduct.Tome Land & Improvement Co. v. Silva, 83 N.M. 549, 494 P.2d 962 (1972). In order to establish that an insurer has waived notice of loss requirements, and is thereby estopped from asserting them, it must be shown that the insured was misled by conduct of the insurer, upon which the insured relied to his detriment. Gillum v. Southland Life Insurance Co.,70 N.M. 293, 373 P.2d 536 (1961).

National Union's failure to provide Young, as loss payee, with a copy of the insurance policy is insufficient, absent more, to constitute a waiver of the time-to-sue provision or to estop National Union from asserting the provision. In New Mexico, if an insured is supplied with a copy of his policy or a memorandum of insurance, then he may rely on the document so supplied to inform him of all his rights and duties under the insurance contract. Homestead Investments, Inc. v. Foundation Reserve Insurance Co., 83 N.M. 242, 490 P.2d 959 (1971). If an insurer gives the impression that all of the material provisions of an...