Yuckert v. Bowen, 84-4432

• Decision Date: 08 March 1988
• Docket Number: No. 84-4432,84-4432
• Citation: 841 F.2d 303
• Parties: , Unempl.Ins.Rep. CCH 17,931 Janet J. YUCKERT, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Otis R. BOWEN, * Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendant- Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

Page 303

841 F.2d 303

21 Soc.Sec.Rep.Ser. 37, Unempl.Ins.Rep. CCH 17,931

Janet J. YUCKERT, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Otis R. BOWEN, ^* Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendant- Appellee.

No. 84-4432.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

March 8, 1988.

James A. Douglas, Gibbs, Douglas, Theiler & Drachler, Seattle, Wash., for plaintiff-appellant.

Richard H. Wetmore, Asst. Regional Atty., Dept. of Health & Human Services, Seattle, Wash., for defendant-appellee.

On Remand from the United States Supreme Court.

Before WRIGHT, PREGERSON and ALARCON, Circuit Judges.

ALARCON, Circuit Judge:

Plaintiff-appellant Janet J. Yuckert appeals from the judgment of the district court affirming the decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services to deny Social Security disability benefits to her on the ground that she did not have a "severe" impairment within the meaning of 20 C.F.R. Sec. 404.1520(c) (1987). We vacate the decision of the district court and remand this matter to the Secretary for a new administrative hearing.

I.

The evidence concerning the existence of Yuckert's physical impairments is not in dispute. At issue is the severity of her condition.

Yuckert claims that in 1979 she experienced a bout of headaches which left her with several debilitating ailments. She claims these ailments are of sufficient severity to preclude her from working as either a real estate salesperson or travel agent: the two occupations in which she had spent the sum of her working life.

Yuckert's major complaint is with her eyes. She claims she has lost the ability to refocus quickly when shifting from one object or word to another. When reading she can only focus on one word at a time. As a result, it can take her three or four hours to read a single magazine page. She also complains of balance problems, dizziness and headaches. She lists to the right when walking and often needs to cling to walls or furniture in order to keep upright. She needs support to stand. She continues to experience headaches approximately three times per week.

Yuckert has consulted with numerous physicians to get at the root of her problem. Physicians at the United States Public Health Hospital in Seattle ran an extensive battery of tests on her and discovered no abnormalities. A neuroophthalmologist was also unable to find anything wrong. An otologist ventured that she is incapacitated by "labyrinthine dysfunction"--a dysfunction of the inner ear. An allergist reached a similar conclusion: "Although we have no well described diagnosis, by exclusion (she had extensive ophthamalogic [sic], neurologic and ENT evaluations before coming to my clinic) I would say that she has nonspecific congestion of the nasal and middle ear mucous membranes." Both the otologist and the allergist described Yuckert's impairments as "incapacitating."

Despite her ailments, Yuckert was able to pursue a course of study in computer programming at a community college. She drove to the campus five days a week, a round trip journey of 16 miles. She undertook 7 credit hours in what she described as her most difficult quarter. She studied 8 to 10 hours per night to keep up with her classwork. She needed to study such long hours because her focus problem reduced her reading speed. She maintained a "B" average at college.

II.

Yuckert applied for disability benefits in October, 1980. The Washington Department of Social and Health Services determined she was not disabled and denied her request. Yuckert sought and received a review of this decision before an administrative law judge (ALJ).

The ALJ held Yuckert could only recover disability benefits if her impairments were "severe." Relying exclusively on the wording in 20 C.F.R. Sec. 404.1520(c), he defined as severe only those "impairments which significantly limit physical or mental ability to do basic work activities." (Emphasis added). Applying this standard, the ALJ found the medical evidence inconclusive on the question whether her impairments posed significant limitations on her ability to work. While two physicians were willing to diagnose an "incapacitating" inner ear problem, they acknowledged their diagnoses were not supported by any of the numerous tests performed on Yuckert.

Left with this perceived void in the medical evidence, the ALJ focused on Yuckert's credibility. The ALJ found it incongruous that Yuckert was able to undertake "a relatively difficult higher education course learning the language of computers" in light of her claims of severe dysfunction. Based on this perception, he found she was "overemphasizing the effect of her impairment on her ability to perform basic functions." He concluded:

This is not say that the claimant is free from episodes of dizziness, or vision problems, but that the greater weight of the evidence fails to establish she suffers from a severe condition, and in accordance with the Social Security Act and Regulations promulgated by the secretary may not be considered to be "disabled."

III.

Yuckert sought review of the ALJ's findings in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. The case was referred to a Magistrate who concluded the ALJ's decision that Yuckert's impairment did not "significantly impair" her ability to work was supported by substantial evidence. The district court adopted the Magistrate's report and affirmed the denial of Yuckert's claim. Yuckert appealed the decision of the district court.

We reversed and remanded without considering the substantiality of the evidence. We held the Social Security Act does not authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to deny a claim solely on the basis of a determination that the claimant is not severely impaired. Yuckert v. Heckler, 774 F.2d 1365, 1370 (9th Cir.1985). The Supreme Court reversed and remanded the matter to this court for consideration of the merits of Yuckert's claim that the ALJ's decision was not supported by substantial evidence. The Court held a threshold showing of severity is consistent with congressional intent. Bowen v. Yuckert, --- U.S. ----, 107 S.Ct. 2287, 2294, 96 L.Ed.2d 119 (1987).

IV.

We found the severity regulation invalid on its face. Thus, we did not reach Yuckert's contention that the regulation was invalid as applied because the ALJ required her to demonstrate impairments which "significantly limit" her ability to work. We review this claim de novo. Gifford v. Heckler, 741 F.2d 263, 266 (9th Cir.1984) (" '[N]o ... presumption of validity attaches to the Secretary's conclusions of law, including determination of the proper standards to be applied in reviewing claim.' ") (quoting Smith v. Schweiker, 646 F.2d 1075, 1076 (5th Cir.1981)).

V.

"The Secretary has established a five-step sequential evaluation process for determining whether a person is disabled." Bowen v. Yuckert, 107 S.Ct. at 2290; 20 C.F.R. Sec. 404.1520 (1986). At step two of this process "the decisionmaker ... determines whether the claimant has a medically severe impairment or combination of impairments." 107 S.Ct. at 2291. "If the claimant does not have a severe impairment or combination of impairments, the disability claim is denied." Id.

Here, the ALJ found that Yuckert did not have a severe impairment, using 20 C.F.R. Sec. 404.1520(c) as the applicable standard. That section provides:

If you do not have any impairment or combination of impairments which significantly limits your physical or mental ability to do basic work activities, we will find that you do not have a severe impairment and are, therefore, not disabled. We will not consider your age, education and work experience.

Id. (emphasis added).

Despite the deference usually accorded to the Secretary's application of regulations, numerous appellate courts have imposed a narrow construction upon the severity regulation applied here. See Bowen v. Yuckert, 107 S.Ct. at 2299 (O'Connor, J., concurring); see, e.g., Evans v. Heckler, 734 F.2d 1012, 1014 (4th Cir.1984); Stone v. Heckler, 752 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th Cir.1985); Farris v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 773 F.2d 85, 88-89 (6th Cir.1985); Brady v. Heckler, 724 F.2d 914, 919 (11th Cir.1984). The Fifth Circuit expressed clearly the rationale for the limited construction:

[The current definition for not-severe impairment] must be read in light of the...