Yuen v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue
| Decision Date | 19 March 1999 |
| Docket Number | No. 16025–98.,16025–98. |
| Citation | 112 T.C. 123,112 T.C. No. 12 |
| Parties | Robert and Linda YUEN, Petitioners v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent |
| Court | U.S. Tax Court |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
On Sept. 19, 1995, Ps filed a request for abatement of interest with R for the taxable year 1990. On Mar. 8, 1996, R notified Ps that their request for abatement of interest was denied. On Jan. 16, 1998, Ps resubmitted to R a request for abatement of interest for the taxable year 1990, presenting the same claim and basis for relief as their original request. On Apr. 1, 1998, R informed Ps that R had “rejected” Ps' attempt to resubmit their request for abatement of interest on the ground that R had considered and denied the request on Mar. 8, 1996. On Sept. 24, 1998, Ps filed a petition with the Court seeking a review of R's denial of their request for abatement of interest pursuant to sec. 6404(g), I.R.C. R moved to dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction.Held: The Court lacks jurisdiction under I.R.C. sec. 6404(g) to review a request for abatement of interest that was filed by the taxpayer and denied by the Commissioner prior to the effective date of sec. 6404(g) I.R.C. See White v. Commissioner, 109 T.C. 96, 99 (1997). Held further: Because Ps' original request for abatement of interest for 1990 was filed and denied prior to the effective date of sec. 6404(g) I.R.C., Ps' resubmission of their request for abatement of interest on Jan. 16, 1998, does not provide a basis for Ps to invoke the Court's jurisdiction pursuant to sec. 6404(g) I.R.C.Robert and Linda Yuen, pro sese.
Laurel M. Robinson and Wendy Abkin, for respondent.
This case was assigned to Chief Special Trial Judge Peter J. Panuthos pursuant to section 7443A(b)(4) and Rules 180, 181, and 183 .1 The Court agrees with and adopts the opinion of the Special Trial Judge, which is set forth below.
This matter is before the Court on respondent's Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction. Respondent contends that the Court lacks jurisdiction under section 6404(g) to consider the petition filed in this case. As explained in greater detail below, we shall grant respondent's motion.
On May 9, 1994, Robert and Linda Yuen (petitioners) filed a petition for redetermination with the Court (assigned docket No. 7495–94S) contesting a notice of deficiency that respondent had issued to petitioners for 1990. On March 15, 1995, the Court entered a stipulated decision in docket No. 7495–94S, which stated that petitioners are liable for a deficiency in income tax for 1990 in the amount of $6,821 and that petitioners are not liable for the accuracy-related penalty under section 6662. The stipulated decision further stated that petitioners agreed to waive the restrictions that normally would prohibit the assessment and collection of the deficiency and statutory interest until the decision of the Tax Court was final.
On or about September 19, 1995, petitioners filed with respondent a Form 843, Claim for Refund and Request for Abatement, requesting that respondent abate interest for the taxable year 1990 in the amount of $2,453.69. Petitioners asserted in their request that the “IRS had conceded its errors during 1–18–95 meeting” and that petitioners' liability for interest for 1990 had been compromised as part of the negotiations leading to the entry of the stipulated decision in docket No. 7495–94S. Petitioners further asserted that respondent had acknowledged that the stipulated decision in docket No. 7495–94S represented a compromise of petitioners' entire tax liability for 1990 when respondent accepted petitioners' payment by check which contained the statement “compromise settlement in full”.
On or about October 23, 1995, respondent's Ogden Service Center sent a letter to petitioners stating that petitioners' request for abatement of interest for 1990 had been denied on the ground that petitioners had failed to show that the interest owing was attributable to an error or delay caused by an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) employee performing a ministerial act. The letter further stated that the decision entered in petitioners' Tax Court case indicated that statutory interest would be assessed.
On or about November 8, 1995, petitioners filed a protest of the denial of their request for abatement of interest with respondent's Fresno Appeals Office. Petitioners' protest repeated the allegations contained in petitioners' Form 843 dated September 19, 1995. On March 8, 1996, the Fresno Appeals Office issued a detailed, three-page letter denying petitioners' interest abatement request in full. Appeals Officer Paul Sivick was listed as the contact person in the March 8, 1996, letter.
On May 12, 1997, respondent received a second Form 843 from petitioners dated May 8, 1995. (There is no explanation in the record for the 2–year lapse between the date the Form 843 was purportedly signed and the date that respondent received it.) An internal document from the IRS dated July 29, 1997, indicates that petitioners' interest abatement claim had previously been filed and denied and that no further claims would be considered. On August 27, 1997, petitioners wrote to respondent seeking to appeal the disallowance of their interest abatement claim. In a response dated December 10, 1997, John Tagliamento, Chief of the Joint Compliance Branch in Fresno, informed petitioners that their request for abatement of interest had been disallowed and that petitioners would have to pay the interest and seek a refund in the Federal District Court or the Court of Federal Claims. However, a little more than a week later, Jerry Li, an IRS employee with the San Francisco Appeals Office, wrote to petitioners in response to an earlier telephone call. Mr. Li informed petitioners that their request for abatement of interest had been disallowed by Appeals Officer Sivick on March 8, 1996, and that the Tax Court had jurisdiction to review such matters. Mr. Li enclosed with his letter a sample of a final determination letter disallowing a request for abatement of interest, inquired whether petitioners had received such a letter, and provided petitioners with the Court's address so they could request a form petition.
On January 27, 1998, respondent's Fresno Appeals Office received a third Form 843 from petitioners dated January 16, 1998. On April 1, 1998, Appeals Officer Sivick wrote a letter to petitioners which states in pertinent part:
I have been told by my National Office Liaison that I am to reject your Form 843 Claim for abatement of interest under Code Section 6404(e)(1). Back in 1996 I considered a previous request for abatement of interest and I made the decision that no interest should be abated. It is the Service's position that claims denied prior to the enactment of the provisions of the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights 2 (July 30, 1996) will not be given the opportunity to re-file their claims in an attempt to petition the United States Tax Court.
Therefore this letter does not qualify as a Final Determination Letter as I am merely notifying you that your Form 843 is being rejected rather than denied since you have already had the merits of your case considered under the provisions of law in effect at the time your claim was considered.
All of the Forms 843 that petitioners submitted to respondent refer to the tax period as January 1 through December 31, 1990. All of the Forms 843 present the same claim, that the settlement of docket no. 7495–94S, which concerned a deficiency for the taxable year 1990, included a compromise of all taxes and interest. The Form 843 submitted on January 27, 1998, seeks an abatement of $3,051.90, in contrast to the original abatement request which sought an abatement of $2,453.69. We assume that the difference is the continual accrual of interest during the intervening period.
On September 24, 1998, petitioners filed a petition in the instant case seeking review of respondent's denial of their request for abatement of interest. At the time the petition was filed, petitioners resided in San Francisco, California.
In response to the petition, respondent filed a Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction on the ground that petitioners' request for abatement of interest was filed and denied prior to the effective date of section 6404(g). Petitioners filed an objection to respondent's motion to dismiss asserting that their petition is valid inasmuch as petitioners resubmitted their request for abatement of interest to respondent after the effective date of section 6404(g).
The question presented is whether the Court has jurisdiction pursuant to section 6404(g) to review respondent's rejection or denial of petitioners' request for abatement of interest for 1990. The Tax Court is a court of limited jurisdiction, and we may exercise our jurisdiction only to the extent authorized by Congress. Naftel v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 527, 529 (1985).
Section 6404(g), codified under section 302(a) of the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2 (TBOR 2), Pub.L. 104–168, 110 Stat. 1452, 1457, provides in pertinent part as follows:
(g) Review of Denial of Request for Abatement of Interest.—
(1) In general.—The Tax Court shall have jurisdiction over any action brought by a taxpayer who meets the requirements referred to in section 7430(c)(4)(A)(ii) to determine whether the Secretary's failure to abate interest under this section was an abuse of discretion, and may order an abatement, if such action is brought within 180 days after the date of the mailing of the Secretary's final determination not to abate such interest.
In sum, the Court is vested with jurisdiction to review the Commissioner's denial of a taxpayer's request for abatement of interest if the taxpayer files a petition with the Court within 180 days after the date that the Commissioner mails to the taxpayer a valid final determination not to abate...
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