Zand v. Commissioner
Decision Date | 23 January 1996 |
Docket Number | Docket No. 32435-88.,Docket No. 32434-88. |
Parties | J.J. Zand v. Commissioner. J.J. Zand and Eva C. Zand v. Commissioner. |
Court | U.S. Tax Court |
71 T.C.M. 1758
T.C. Memo. 1996-19
J.J. Zand v. Commissioner.
J.J. Zand and Eva C. Zand v. Commissioner.
Docket No. 32434-88.
Docket No. 32435-88.
United States Tax Court.
Filed January 23, 1996.
Earl J. Silbert, David J. Curtin, and Kevin M. Dinan, Washington, D.C., for the petitioners. Nancy B. Herbert, James W. Ruger, John J. Boyle and Mathew J. Fritz, for the respondent.
[CCH Page] Determinations of Deficiencies and Additions to Tax ............................. [1762] Issues .......................................................................... [1762] Findings to Fact ................................................................ [1763] I. Preliminary Facts ............................................................... [1763] A. Background ................................................................... [1763] B. Ownership of Diesel Power .................................................... [1763] C. Audits for Prior Years ....................................................... [1764] D. Preparation of Tax Returns ................................................... [1764] E. Bank Accounts ................................................................ [1764] F. Sale of Diesel Power Stock ................................................... [1766] II. Transactions With Manufacturers—Commission Income ............................... [1766] A. Lockheed ..................................................................... [1767] B. Payments by Lockheed ......................................................... [1768] C. Ashland ...................................................................... [1770] D. Payments by Ashland .......................................................... [1771] E. General Motors ............................................................... [1772] F. Payments Mode by General Motors ............................................. [1774] G. SEDCO/IMICO .................................................................. [1775] H. Payments by SEDCO, IMICO, Stewart & Stevenson ................................ [1776] I. Ingersoll-Rand ............................................................... [1777] J. Payments by Ingersoll-Rand ................................................... [1777] K. Morgan ....................................................................... [1778] L. Payments by Morgan ........................................................... [1778] M. Harnischfeger ................................................................ [1779] N. Payments by Harnischfeger .................................................... [1779] O. Pioneer ...................................................................... [1780] P. Payments by Pioneer .......................................................... [1781] Q. Galion ....................................................................... [1781]
R. Payments by Galion ........................................................... [1783] S. Clark ........................................................................ [1784] T. Payments by Clark ............................................................ [1785] U. Miscellaneous Commissions/Goodyear ........................................... [1786] V. Payments by Miscellaneous Companies/Goodyear ................................. [1786] III. Interest and Dividend Income—First National City Bank, London, England, and Crown Life Insurance Company ................................................... [1788] IV. Interest Income—WHIP Account at Barclays Bank Bahamas ........................... [1788] V. Character of Gain on Disposition of Diesel Power Stock .......................... [1789] VI. Claimed Capital Losses for 1978 and 1979 ........................................ [1789] VII. Asserted Claim of Right for 1979 ................................................ [1789] VIII. Claimed Schedule C Expense Deductions ........................................... [1790] A. Cost of Goods Sold for 1973 .................................................. [1790] B. Cost of Goods Sold for 1977 .................................................. [1790] C. Cost of Goods Sold for 1978, 1979, and 1981 .................................. [1791] D. Claimed Deductions for Commission Expenses ................................... [1791] E. Claimed Deductions for Consulting Fees ....................................... [1792] F. Claimed Deductions for Management Fees ....................................... [1792] G. Claimed Deductions for Consulting Fees or Salary ............................. [1793] H. Claimed Deductions for Legal and professional Fees ........................... [1793] I. Claimed Deductions for Salaries and Wages .................................... [1794] J. Claimed Deductions for Office Expenses ....................................... [1794] K. Claimed Deductions for Interest Expenses ..................................... [1796] L. Claimed Deductions for Insurance Expenses .................................... [1796] M. Claimed Deductions for Dues and Publications ................................. [1796] N. Claimed Deductions for Depreciation .......................................... [1797] O. Claimed Rent Loss ............................................................ [1797] P. Claimed Rent Expense—London .................................................. [1797] Q. Claimed Deductions for Loan Origination Fee .................................. [1797] R. Claimed Moving Expense Deduction ............................................. [1797] S. Investment Tax Credits ....................................................... [1797] T. Claimed Deductions for Travel and Entertainment Expenses ..................... [1798] IX. Claimed Dependency Exemption and Charitable Contribution Deductions ............. [1800] A. Dependency Exemption Deduction Claimed for Tara Daneshvari ................... [1800] B. Deduction for Charitable Contribution Claimed for Property Transferred to the City of Columbus, Ohio ....................................................... [1800] C. Deduction for Charitable Contribution Claimed for Property Transferred to Kenyon College ............................................................... [1800] X. Claimed Losses From Trusts, Partnerships, Subchapter S Corporation, and Farming Operations ...................................................................... [1801] Ultimate Findings of Fact ....................................................... [1802] Opinion ......................................................................... [1802] I. Preliminary Issues .............................................................. [1803] A. Burden of Proof .............................................................. [1803] B. Evidentiary Matters .......................................................... [1803] C. New Issues Raised by Petitioner on Brief ..................................... [1803] II. Issues 1,2,3, and 6—Commission and Miscellaneous Income ......................... [1804] A. Lockheed ..................................................................... [1806] B. Ashland ...................................................................... [1807] C. General Motors ............................................................... [1808] D. SEDCO, IMICO, IMISS .......................................................... [1809] E. Ingersoll-Rand ............................................................... [1809] F. Morgan ....................................................................... [1810] G. Harnischfeger ................................................................ [1811] H. Pioneer ...................................................................... [1811] I. Galion ....................................................................... [1812] J. Clark ........................................................................ [1812] K. Miscellaneous Companies/Goodyear ............................................. [1814]
L. Petitioner's Withdrawals From Bank Accounts .................................. [1814] III. Issues 4 and 5—Interest Income on Foreign Bank Accounts ......................... [1815] IV. Issue 7—Amount and Character of Gain on Sale of Diesel Power Stock .............. [1815] V. Issue 8 and 9—Claimed Reduction in 1979 Reported Income Under a Claim of Right and Section 1341 Tax Computation for 1981 ................................. [1816] VI. Issue 10—Claimed Schedule C Business Expense Deductions ......................... [1817] A. Cost of Goods Sold ........................................................... [1818] B. Commission Expenses .......................................................... [1818] C. Consulting Fees .............................................................. [1819] D. Management Fees .............................................................. [1819] E. Legal and Professional Fees .................................................. [1820] F. Salaries and Wages ........................................................... [1821] G. Office Expenses...
To continue reading
Request your trialSubscribers can access the reported version of this case.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see a list of all the cited cases and legislation of a document.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see a list of all the documents that have cited the case.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see the revised versions of legislation with amendments.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see any amendments made to the case.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see a visualisation of a case and its relationships to other cases. An alternative to lists of cases, the Precedent Map makes it easier to establish which ones may be of most relevance to your research and prioritise further reading. You also get a useful overview of how the case was received.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.
Subscribers are able to see the list of results connected to your document through the topics and citations Vincent found.
You can sign up for a trial and make the most of our service including these benefits.
Why Sign-up to vLex?
-
Over 100 Countries
Search over 120 million documents from over 100 countries including primary and secondary collections of legislation, case law, regulations, practical law, news, forms and contracts, books, journals, and more.
-
Thousands of Data Sources
Updated daily, vLex brings together legal information from over 750 publishing partners, providing access to over 2,500 legal and news sources from the world’s leading publishers.
-
Find What You Need, Quickly
Advanced A.I. technology developed exclusively by vLex editorially enriches legal information to make it accessible, with instant translation into 14 languages for enhanced discoverability and comparative research.
-
Over 2 million registered users
Founded over 20 years ago, vLex provides a first-class and comprehensive service for lawyers, law firms, government departments, and law schools around the world.