Turner v. Kansas City

• Decision Date: 28 June 1886
• Citation: 23 Mo.App. 12
• Parties: WESLEY TURNER, Respondent, v. THE KANSAS CITY, ST. JOSEPH AND COUNCIL BLUFFS RAILWAY COMPANY, Appellant.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

23 Mo.App. 12

WESLEY TURNER, Respondent,

v.THE KANSAS CITY, ST. JOSEPH AND COUNCIL BLUFFS RAILWAY COMPANY, Appellant.

Kansas City Court of Appeals, Missouri.

Jun. 28, 1886.

APPEAL from Platte Circuit Court, HON. GEORGE W. DUNN, Judge.

Reversed and remanded.

The case is stated in the opinion.

STRONG & MOSMAN, for the appellant.

I. The court erred in permitting evidence of Chute to be read to the jury, against defendant's objection. Appleby v. Brock, 76 Mo. 314; State v. Erb, 74 Mo. 205; State v. Klinger, 46 Mo. 229; Byern v. Donnell, 80 Mo. 335; Pidcock v. Porter, 68 Pa. St. 342. The court erred in permitting evidence as to damage to the colt by reason of the killing of its dam. It was irrelevant and incompetent under the pleadings, and too remote, in any event. Price v. Ry., 72 Mo. 496.

II. The instructions given for plaintiff were erroneous, being inconsistent, self-contradictory, ambiguous and misleading. Turner v. Ry., 78 Mo. 580; Cathcart v. Ry., 19 Mo. App. 113; Young v. Ridenbaugh, 67 Mo. 584. They submitted to the jury a question of law, viz: The competency of testimony. Fugate v. Carter, 6 Mo. 273.

III. The court erred in overruling instructions asked by defendant. One was in the nature of a demurrer to the evidence; there was total failure of proof that the failure to give signal caused the injury. Holman v. Ry., 62 Mo. 562; sect. 806, Rev. Stat.

IV. The court erred in overruling defendant's motion for judgment on the special findings. Laws of Mo., 1885, p. 214; Ry. v. Foley, 38 Ia. 591; Morrow v. Com., 21 Kan. 504; Ry. v. McCandliss, 33 Kas. 366; Fleetwood v. Dorsey Mach. Co., 95 Ind. 491.

V. It was error to overrule defendant's motion in arrest. The general verdict and special finding are part of the record. Laws of Mo., 1885, p. 214. And on the face of the record there was apparent error--conflict.

VI. It was error to overrule defendant's motion for new trial. Authorities cited above; Callahan v. Warne, 40 Mo. 131.

No brief for respondent.

ELLISON, J.

On an appeal from a justice of the peace in Platte county, there was filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court, in said county, on the fourth day of September, 1879, the transcript and papers in this case. The cause was tried, and defendant appealed to the supreme court, where the judgment in plaintiff's favor was reversed and the cause remanded. 78 Mo. 578.

The statement is as follows: “Plaintiff states that the defendant is a corporation, and that, on or about the sixth day of July, 1879, in Lee Township, Platte county, state of Missouri, it was the owner and occupier of a certain railroad, with the cars and locomotives thereto belonging, and then and there operating the same through the township aforesaid.

That on said day, in said township, county and state, the defendant, by its officers and agents, while running its locomotives and cars upon said railroad, caused the same to approach and pass over a traveled public road, the same being the public highway leading from Platte City to East Leavenworth, in said county, without ringing the bell of said locomotive or sounding the steam whistle thereon, as required by section thirty-eight, article two, of chapter thirty-seven of Wagner's Missouri Statutes.

That by reason of such neglect of defendant, its officers and agents, and without any fault or negligence of plaintiff, the said locomotive struck certain animals belonging to plaintiff, to-wit: Two horses and one sucking colt, and wounded the colt and injured it badly and killed the two horses, to plaintiff's damage in the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars, for which sum he prays judgment.”

The cause came on again for trial in the Platte circuit court, on August 12, 1885, before a jury, and there was a verdict for plaintiff for $100.

At defendant's request, the jury were instructed to find a special verdict, under section 3629, Laws of 1885, 214. There were many submissions made to the jury; among them were the following, with the return of the jury in response thereto:

Q. “Was the whistle sounded before the engine reached the crossing?”

A. “Yes.”

Q. “How many times was it sounded?”

A. “The evidence conflicted. We cannot tell.”

Q. “How far below the crossing was the train when the first whistle sounded?”

A. “From the evidence we cannot tell.”

Q. “Was the bell rung before the train reached the crossing?”

A. “Yes.”

Q. “How far below the crossing was the train when they commenced to ring the bell?”

A. “We cannot tell.”

Defendant made a motion for judgment on the verdict, which was overruled.

I. This statute is new in this state and we are not aware of any case arising prior to this one in which a construction thereof is involved.

The motion is based on the fact that the jury answered, “we cannot tell,” to the second, third and fifth interrogatories.

If we considered these interrogations, or submissions, proper, under the section above referred to, we should hold the defendant entitled to the judgment, for it is provided that, “whereon the special finding of facts is inconsistent with the general verdict, the former shall control the latter, and the court shall give judgment accordingly.”

When, on proper submissions, the jury answer they do not know, or cannot tell from the evidence, it is equivalent to a finding that such facts are not proved. Before defendant could be rendered liable in this action the evidence must show that it failed to ring the locomotive bell continuously from a point at least eighty rods from the crossing, till its engine shall have crossed the road; and that it failed to sound the whistle at a point at least eighty rods from the crossing, and at intervals till the crossing shall have been passed. And that the injury happened by reason of this neglect. Van Note v. Ry. Co., 70 Mo. 641.

In order to become liable, the defendant must have neglected, both to ring the bell and to sound the whistle; if it did either, it is not liable.

These are “issues” to which, if the jury answer they cannot tell how the fact is, the case is not proved and must fall.

In Kansas, where a similar statute exists, the supreme court says: “The general verdict is an affirmation that these charges are true. In other words, it affirms them. Turning now to the special questions, we find that to several, the jury simply answered: “Don't know. * * * A case is to be tried upon the evidence, and according, as an alleged fact, is, or is not established by that evidence, it does, or does not, for the purpose of that case, exist. The main object of special questions is to bring out the various facts separately, in order to enable the court to apply the law correctly, and to guard against any misapplication of the law by the jury.” * * * The special findings “imply a denial of the existence, or perhaps, more correctly, of the proof of the existence of the facts concerning which the questions were propounded. And one, for all purposes of the case, is the same as the other. And this lack of proof operated against the party who needs to make the proof.” Morrow v. Comrs., 21 Kan. 504.

“The failure of a jury to answer special questions presented to them, for the reason, as expressed by them, that the evidence is conflicting and they cannot answer, is generally equivalent to a finding that the facts, concerning which they are asked to make findings, do not exist, or are not proved.” Ry. Co. v. McCandliss, 33 Kas. 366.

So, I repeat, that did we consider the interrogations proper, we should hold defendant's motion for judgment should have been sustained. But I do not deem them proper. Our statute, though similar to those in force in Kansas and Indiana, is unlike them in some material respects. Our statute is as follows: “Section 3629. In all actions, the jury shall, upon the issues made up and submitted to them by the court, return a general verdict, and the court, upon request of either party, shall direct the jury, under proper instructions, to find a special verdict upon all or any of the issues submitted to them, which submissions shall be in writing, distinctly specifying each issue on which the jury are to find, and such special finding shall be recorded with the verdict,” etc.

The Indiana statute (2 Rev. Stat. 1876, p. 171, sect. 336), besides providing for a special verdict “upon all or any of the issues,” declares that, when requested by either party, the court shall instruct the jury that, “if they render a general verdict, to find specially upon particular questions of fact, to be stated in writing.” And the Kansas statute (3814) section 286, (sec. 286) section 7, compiled laws 1879, provides that, “in all cases the jury shall render a general verdict, and the court shall, in any case, at the request of the parties thereto, or either of them, in addition to the general verdict, direct the jury to find upon particular questions of fact, to be stated in writing by the party or parties requesting the same.”

It will be noticed that the Missouri statute is, that the interrogations shall be “upon all or any of...