501 F.Supp.2d 369 (E.D.N.Y. 2007), 06 CV 2233, City of New York v. A-1 Jewelry & Pawn, Inc.
| Citation | 501 F.Supp.2d 369 |
| Party Name | The CITY OF NEW YORK, Plaintiff, v. A-1 JEWELRY & PAWN, INC.; Adventure Outdoors, Inc.; Cole's Gun Shop, Inc., Dunkelberger's Sports Outfitters; Gallery Distributing Inc.; Greg L. Driggers d/b/a AAA Gun & Pawn Brokers; The Gun Store, Inc.; Harold W. Babcock, Jr. d/b/a Webb's Sporting Goods; James Thomas Farmer d/b/a Jim's Guns and Whatever; Mickali |
| Case Date | August 15, 2007 |
| Court | United States District Courts, 2nd Circuit, U.S. District Court — Eastern District of New York |
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Eric Proshansky, Gail P. Rubin, Corporation Counsel of the City of NY, Ari Biernoff, Melanie C.T. Ash, Richard J. Costa, New York City Law Department, Affirmative Litigation Division, Bryan Robert Dunlap, James Gardner Wheaton, Nicholas John Minella, Sangita A. Shah, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Kenneth William Taber, Berger & Webb LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiff.
John F. Renzulli, Scott Charles Allan, Renzulli Law Firm LLP, Jeffrey Martin Malsch, Pisciotti Malsch & Buckley PC, White Plains, NY, Christopher Renzulli, Richard E. Gardiner, Renzulli Law Firm, LLP, John Michael Lambros, Law Office of John M. Lambros, New York, NY, Anthony J. Piazza, Murphy, Piazza & Genello, Scranton, PA, Anthony Michael Pisciotti, Pisciotti, Malsch & Buckley, Florham Park, NJ, William W. Horlock, Sommers, Scrudder and Bass, LLP, Atlanta, GA, Matthew W. Broughton, Spencer M. Wiegard, Gentry, Locke, Rakes & Moore, Roanoke, VA, Carl Pierce, Pierce, Herns, Sloan, and McLeod, Justin S. Kahn, Kahn Law Firm, Charleston, SC, Elizabeth R. Gorman, Milber Makris Plousadis & Seiden, LLP, Woodbury, NY, for Defendants.
Cole's Gun Shop, Inc., South Boston, VA, pro se.
Page 373
James Thomas Farmer, Dayton, OH, pro se.
MEMORANDUM & ORDER MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION
WEINSTEIN, Senior District Judge.
Table of Contents Page
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Introduction ........................................................ 374
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Sources of Information Available to the City ........................ 374
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Facts ............................................................... 376
A. Retailer Factors ............................................... 376
1. Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to a Defendant ............................................... 376
a. Temporal Limitations ................................... 377
b. Inherent Limitations ................................... 377
2. Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York ...................................... 377
a. The City's Simulated Straw Purchases ................... 377
b. Trafficking Prosecutions ............................... 377
c. Multiple Sales ......................................... 378
3. Time"to"Crime of Retailer's Guns Recovered in New York .... 378
4. Sales Price and Type of Gun ............................... 379
5. Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's Handguns ... 379
6. Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New York Markets ........................................ 379
7. Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to the Retailer's Distribution Practices ....................... 380
8. Defense Reliance on Formal Compliance with Federal and State Retail Sales Requirements ......................... 381
B. Factors as to Each Moving Defendant ............................ 381
1. Overview .................................................. 381
2. Factors as to Each Moving Defendant ....................... 382
a. Peddler's Post--Wilmington, Ohio ....................... 383
(1) Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to the Defendant .................... 384
(2) Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York ............................ 384
(a) Straw Purchases ............................... 384
i. United States v. Salazar ................. 384
ii. United States v. Robinson ................ 384
iii. United States v. Walker .................. 385
iv. United States v. Hancock ................. 385
v. United States v. Perkins ................. 385
(b) Multiple Sales ................................ 385
(3) Time"to"Crime of Retailer's Guns Recovered in New York ............................................. 386
(4) Sales Price and Type of Gun ........................ 386
(5) Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's Handguns ......................................... 386
(6) Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New York Markets ............... 386
(7) Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Peddler's Post's Distribution Practices .......... 387
b. Patriot--Richmond, Virginia ............................ 388
(1) Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to the Defendant .................... 389
(2) Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York ............................ 390
(a) Straw Purchases ............................... 390
(b) Multiple Sales ................................ 390
(c) Use of Trace Requests ......................... 390
(3) Time"to"Crime of Retailer's Guns Recovered in New York ............................................. 390
(4) Sales Price and Type of Gun ........................ 391
(5) Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's Handguns ......................................... 391
(6) Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New York Markets ............... 391
(7) Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Patriot's Distribution Practices ................. 392
c. Woody's--Orangeburg, South Carolina .................... 393
(1) Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to the Defendant .................... 394
(2) Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York ............................ 394
(a) Straw Purchases ............................... 394
i. United States v. Brooks .................. 394
ii. United States v. Rutledge ................ 394
iii. United States v. Welcome ................. 395
iv. United States v. Brown ................... 395
(b) Multiple Sales ................................ 395
(c) Trace Requests ................................ 396
(3) Time"to"Crime of Guns Recovered in New York ........ 396
(4) Sales Price and Type of Gun ........................ 396
(5) Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's Handguns ......................................... 396
(6) Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New York Markets ............... 397
(7) Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Woody's Distribution Practices ................... 397
d. Adventure Outdoors--Smyrna, Georgia .................... 398
(1) Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to the Defendant .................... 399
(2) Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York ............................ 399
(a) Straw Purchases ............................... 399
i. United States v. El"Saddique ............. 400
ii. United States v. Rose .................... 400
iii. United States v. Garcia"Diaz ............. 400
iv. United States v. Wilson .................. 401
v. United States v. Vinson .................. 401
vi. United States v. Pray .................... 401
vii. United States v. Gaddie .................. 401
vii- United States v. Hurley .................. 401
i.
(b) Multiple Sales ................................ 401
(3) Time"to"Crime of Guns Recovered in New York ........ 401
(4) Sales Price and Type of Gun ........................ 402
(5) Crimes Committed in New York with a Retailer's Handguns ......................................... 402
(6) Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New York Markets ............... 403
(7) Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Adventure Outdoors' Distribution Practices ....... 404
e. Mickalis--Summerville, South Carolina .................. 405
(1) Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to the Defendant .................... 406
(2) Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York ............................ 406
(a) Straw Purchases ............................... 406
(b) Multiple Sales ................................ 406
(3) Time"to"Crime of Guns Recovered in New York ........ 406
(4) Sales Price and Type of Gun ........................ 407
(5) Crimes Committed in New York with the Retailer's Handguns ......................................... 407
(6) Total Number of Handguns the Retailer Sold in the United States and its Total Revenue from the United States and New York Markets ............... 407
(7) Actions of Regulatory Authorities Related to Mickalis' Distribution Practices ................. 408
f. Webb's--Madison Heights, Virginia ...................... 409
(1) Number of Trace Handguns Linked to Criminal Investigations in New York and Elsewhere that are Attributable to the Defendant .................... 410
(2) Distribution Practices and Their Possible Effects on Crimes in New York...
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...TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE, supra note 1, at 14. (31.) Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, 15 U.S.C. [section] 7902 (2006). (32.) 501 F. Supp. 2d 369, 425-28 (E.D.N.Y. 2007). (33.) Id. (rejecting out-of-state gun seller defendants' arguments that the City of New York lacked personal jur......