TG&Y Stores v. Atchley

• Decision Date: 02 April 1982
• Parties: TG&Y STORES v. Johnnie E. ATCHLEY and Willie M. Atchley. Willie M. ATCHLEY v. TG&Y STORES. 80-765, 80-814.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

Page 912

414 So.2d 912

TG&Y STORES v. Johnnie E. ATCHLEY and Willie M. Atchley.

Willie M. ATCHLEY v. TG&Y STORES.

80-765, 80-814.

Supreme Court of Alabama.

April 2, 1982.

Rehearing Denied in 80-814 May 28, 1982.

Michael H. Cleckler of Gaines, Cleckler & Goodrich, Talladega, for appellant/cross-appellee.

James M. Sizemore, Jr., Sylacauga, for appellee/cross-appellant.

FAULKNER, Justice.

These appeals arise from an action for negligence brought by Mrs. Johnnie E. Atchley and her husband, Willie M. Atchley, against TG&Y Stores, a corporation. The complaint alleged that TG&Y's negligent maintenance of its floors was the proximate cause of Johnnie Atchley's injuries. Mrs. Atchley alleged that TG&Y negligently left boxes on the floor of its store, causing her to fall. Her daughter testified that she heard her mother fall and when she turned to look, several boxes were lying on top of Mrs. Atchley. As a result of the fall, Mrs. Atchley broke her hip and suffered other injuries. Willie Atchley, her husband, sought damages for the deprivation of her services and for medical expenses incurred for his wife's treatment.

The action was tried before a jury in Talladega County. At trial, TG&Y introduced evidence of Mrs. Atchley's various medical conditions, such as arteriosclerosis and diabetes, that might have caused her to fall. TG&Y moved for a directed verdict, which the trial court overruled. The jury returned a verdict in favor of Johnnie E. Atchley, and awarded her damages of $20,000.00. The jury also returned a verdict in favor of Willie Atchley, but awarded no damages. The trial court overruled TG&Y's motion for a JNOV or, in the alternative, for a new trial. The court also overruled Willie Atchley's motion for a new trial and entered a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, against Atchley and in favor of TG&Y. TG&Y appeals; Willie Atchley cross-appeals.

TG&Y contends that the trial court erred in denying its motion for a directed verdict and its motion for a new trial. TG&Y argues that Mrs. Atchley failed to show that her injuries were proximately caused by TG&Y's negligent act or omission.

In order to establish a cause of action for negligence, three elements must be shown. There must be a breach of a legal duty, there must be an injury, and the breach of duty must be the proximate cause of the injury. See Goodson v. Elba Baking Co., 408 So.2d 498 (Ala.1981); Quillen v. Quillen, 388 So.2d 985 (Ala.1980). Clearly, a business, such as TG&Y, owes a duty to its invitees to exercise reasonable care to keep its premises in a reasonably safe condition. See Foodtown Stores, Inc. v. Patterson, 282 Ala. 477, 213 So.2d 211 (1968). Furthermore, there is no dispute that Mrs. Atchley suffered an injury.

TG&Y asserts that any verdict in favor of Mrs. Atchley is based on speculation. It is true that a jury may not choose between two equally probable inferences. See Maddox v. Ennis, 274 Ala. 229, 147 So.2d 788 (1962); Southern Railroad Co. v. Dickson, 211 Ala. 481, 100 So. 665 (1924). Nevertheless, the two hypotheses presented at trial are not equally probable. TG&Y introduced evidence that Mrs. Atchley suffered from arteriosclerosis and diabetes, and that as a result, she may have become dizzy and fallen. TG&Y did not introduce anyone who saw Mrs. Atchley fall or who could state that she looked dizzy. On the other hand, Mrs. Atchley's daughter testified that there were boxes on the floor in front of a display case. She heard Mrs. Atchley fall, and turned to see the boxes lying on top of Mrs. Atchley. Under the circumstances, we cannot say that the jury was not authorized to choose between the two hypotheses.

The question of...