Intech, Inc. v. Triple" C" Marine Salvage, Inc.

• Decision Date: 25 April 2005
• Citation: 826 NE 2d 194,444 Mass. 122
• Parties: INTECH, INC. v. TRIPLE "C" MARINE SALVAGE, INC.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

444 Mass. 122

826 NE 2d 194

INTECH, INC. v. TRIPLE "C" MARINE SALVAGE, INC.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Middlesex.

March 8, 2005.

April 25, 2005.

Present: MARSHALL, C.J., GREANEY, IRELAND, SPINA, SOSMAN, & CORDY, JJ.

Kenneth D. Quat for the defendant.

Robert H. D'Auria for the plaintiff.

GREANEY, J.

We granted the defendant's application for further appellate review to decide whether, under reasonably settled law governing when Massachusetts may assert personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, the District Court had jurisdiction over the defendant, a Louisiana corporation. We conclude that there were insufficient contacts to make the defendant subject to the long-arm statute, G. L. c. 223A, § 3. The decision and order of the Appellate Division of the District Court is affirmed.

The facts before the judge who considered the defendant's motion to dismiss were as follows. The defendant, Triple "C" Marine Salvage, Inc., is a Louisiana corporation having a principal place of business in Morgan City, Louisiana. The defendant has never maintained an office, owned property, or held a bank account in Massachusetts. The defendant is engaged primarily in the business of buying and selling equipment. Its president is Jude A. Cloutier. In 1995, the defendant placed an advertisement for the sale of a light amphibious reconnaissance craft (LARC)¹ in Boats and Harbors magazine, which is published in Tennessee and distributed nationwide, including in Massachusetts.

The plaintiff, Intech, Inc., is a Massachusetts corporation having a principal place of business in Acton, Massachusetts. In the fall of 1995, John Baker, the president of Intech, saw the defendant's advertisement in Boats and Harbors magazine for the sale of the LARC. Baker hired William W. Taylor to negotiate the purchase of the LARC.

Taylor, acting on behalf of Baker and the plaintiff, made contact with Cloutier by telephone and agreed to purchase the LARC for $16,000. Thereafter, in late October, 1995, Cloutier transmitted by facsimile an invoice and, on receiving payment, the defendant sent the plaintiff a bill of sale. The plaintiff paid for shipping costs, and, after accepting delivery of the LARC outside of Massachusetts, Taylor, in Massachusetts, telephoned Cloutier in Louisiana indicating that he, Taylor (acting as Baker's agent), was satisfied with the vehicle. Taylor also told Cloutier that the plaintiff was interested in acquiring another LARC. Cloutier agreed to help.

On January 4, 1996, Cloutier saw an advertisement in Boats and Harbors for a LARC located in Florida. Cloutier, in Louisiana, telephoned Taylor (again acting as Baker's agent), in Massachusetts, and informed Taylor that he had found another LARC in Florida. Approximately thirty minutes later, Taylor telephoned Cloutier, and they agreed on a purchase price of $16,000. Shortly thereafter, Taylor telephoned Cloutier in Louisiana and asked to speak with the LARC's owner directly. On January 5, 1996, Cloutier provided Taylor with the owner's telephone number, an invoice for the LARC, and an estimate from a shipping vendor. Taylor sent the defendant payment in the form of a check dated January 10, 1996. After depositing the check, the defendant forwarded Taylor a bill of sale. Taylor took possession of the LARC in Florida. He later telephoned Cloutier in Louisiana to express (on behalf of Baker) dissatisfaction with the condition of the LARC.

The plaintiff next filed suit in the District Court, alleging, for purposes here, breach of contract, conversion, and breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, in connection with the purchase of the second LARC. Pursuant to Mass. R. Civ. P. 12 (b) (2), 365 Mass. 754 (1974), the defendant moved to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction. The motion was denied.

The case was tried before a judge sitting without a jury. After the conclusion of witness testimony (only the plaintiff called witnesses), the defendant moved for a directed verdict, asserting that the plaintiff had not satisfied its burden at trial of establishing personal jurisdiction over the defendant. In support of personal jurisdiction, the plaintiff stated it was relying on the materials previously filed in connection with the motion to dismiss. In a memorandum and order, the trial judge found for the plaintiff and entered a judgment against the defendant for damages and costs, additionally concluding that there was no reason to revisit the motion judge's earlier ruling on the motion to dismiss. The judge expressly found that Cloutier had initiated contact on the sale of the second LARC by telephoning Taylor in Massachusetts, thereby rejecting the defendant's contention that Taylor had made the first contact.

The defendant appealed. The Appellate Division, relying on Droukas v. Divers Training Academy, Inc., 375 Mass. 149 (1978), held that, under the long-arm statute, G. L. c. 223A, § 3, there was no personal jurisdiction over the defendant. The Appellate Division vacated the judgment for the plaintiff, reversed the denial of the defendant's motion to dismiss, and ordered the complaint dismissed. The plaintiff appealed, and the Appeals Court vacated the order of the Appellate Division. Intech, Inc. v. Triple "C" Marine Salvage, Inc., 61 Mass. App. Ct. 537, 537 (2004). We granted the defendant's application for further appellate review.

1. As preliminary matters, we note that the trial judge's finding as to the identity of the person who initiated contact on the second LARC was consistent with the evidence before the motion judge, and that the plaintiff relied on the materials before the motion judge with respect to opposing the defendant's motion for a directed verdict on the question of jurisdiction. We therefore evaluate the ruling on the motion to dismiss based on the facts before the motion judge and need only address the propriety of the order denying that motion.

2. A Massachusetts court may acquire personal jurisdiction over a nonresident "when some basis for jurisdiction enumerated in the statute has been established." Good Hope Indus., Inc. v. Ryder Scott Co., 378 Mass. 1, 6 (1979). The long-arm statute provides, insofar as relevant here, the following:

"A [Massachusetts] court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a person, who acts directly or by an agent, as to a cause of action in law or equity arising from the person's (a) transacting any business in this commonwealth; (b) contracting to supply services or things in this commonwealth . . . ."

G. L. c. 223A, § 3. The term "person" is defined in G. L. c. 223A, § 1, to include a corporation. "A plaintiff has the burden of establishing facts to show that the ground relied on under § 3 is present." Tatro v. Manor Care, Inc., 416 Mass. 763, 767 (1994). "If the literal requirements of the statute are satisfied, it also must be established that `the exercise of jurisdiction under State law [is] consistent with basic due process requirements mandated by the United States Constitution.'" Id., quoting Good Hope Indus., Inc. v. Ryder Scott Co., supra at 5-6.

3. We reject the plaintiff's contention that the defendant contracted to "supply . . . things in this commonwealth," thereby subjecting it to jurisdiction under § 3 (b) of the long-arm statute. As explained correctly by the Appeals Court, "[i]n both transactions with the defendant, the plaintiff received the LARCs in another State and was responsible for their shipment to Massachusetts" (emphasis added). Intech, Inc. v. Triple "C" Marine Salvage, Inc., supra at 538. Consistent with Droukas v. Divers Training Academy, Inc., supra at 157-159, there was no basis to exercise jurisdiction over the defendant under § 3 (b). 4....