THOMAS RIGGING & CONST. v. Contraves, Inc.

• Decision Date: 03 May 2002
• Citation: 798 A.2d 753
• Court: Pennsylvania Superior Court
• Parties: THOMAS RIGGING & CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC., a Pennsylvania corporation, t/d/b/a Thomas Technologies, Benjamin F. Thomas, Wayne Dash, and Pauline Doorley, as the executrix of the Estate of Richard B. Doorley, Deceased, Appellees/Cross-Appellants v. CONTRAVES, INC., a Pennsylvania corporation, Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

798 A.2d 753

THOMAS RIGGING & CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC., a Pennsylvania corporation, t/d/b/a Thomas Technologies, Benjamin F. Thomas, Wayne Dash, and Pauline Doorley, as the executrix of the Estate of Richard B. Doorley, Deceased, Appellees/Cross-Appellants v. CONTRAVES, INC., a Pennsylvania corporation, Appellant/Cross-Appellee.

Superior Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued December 5, 2001.

Filed May 3, 2002.

Richard K. Dandrea, Pittsburgh, for Contraves, Inc.

Richard F. Rinaldo, Pittsburgh, for Doorley.

Before: HUDOCK, MUSMANNO, and TODD, JJ.

TODD, J.

¶ 1 In these consolidated cross-appeals, Contraves, Inc. appeals the judgment entered in favor of the plaintiffs below, Thomas Rigging & Construction Company, Inc., t/d/b/a Thomas Technologies, Benjamin F. Thomas, Wayne Dash, and Pauline Doorley, as the executrix of the estate of Richard B. Doorley (collectively, "Licensors"), in their suit for royalty fees allegedly due under their license agreement with Contraves, and Licensors in turn appeal the trial court's denial of their claim for counsel fees.¹ We reverse in part, affirm in part, and remand.

¶ 2 This case concerns a dispute over royalty payments allegedly due under an exclusive license agreement for the manufacture and sale of rail yard snowblowers which employ a "microjet" engine invented by Richard B. Doorley, now deceased. In October 1997, Contraves entered into this multi-year license agreement with Licensors (including Doorley). The license agreement provided for royalty payments by Contraves to Licensors based on the number of engines and snowblowers sold by Contraves. At issue in the present litigation was whether the agreement required yearly minimum payments of $75,000 in the first year and $100,000 in subsequent years. The agreement further provided for a minimum payment of $1,260,000 to Licensors after the first three years, and a similar payment of $2,800,000 after seven years, to avoid automatic termination of the agreement.

¶ 3 Contraves did not make any snowblower sales the first year of the agreement and Licensors brought suit in November 1998 when Contraves refused to make a $75,000 minimum payment which Licensors alleged was due. In year two, Contraves made royalty payments of $38,000 based on its actual sales, but did not make the allegedly-required minimum payment of $100,000. In response to Licensor's suit, Contraves argued, inter alia, that the minimum payments of $75,000 after year one, and $100,000 at the end of years two and three were optional, and filed a motion for summary judgment to that effect. The Honorable Judith L.A. Friedman denied this motion but sua sponte granted summary judgment to Licensors for $251,687.84, concluding that certain minimum payments were required under the license agreement. Licensors' additional claim for the three-year payment of $1,260,000, and their claim for counsel fees under the agreement, were tried before the Honorable Max Baer, who denied the claims. Post-trial motions were denied, and this timely appeal followed.

¶ 4 In its appeal, Contraves asserts that the trial court erred in finding that the license agreement mandated certain minimum payments by Contraves. In their cross-appeal, Licensors argue that the trial court erred in rejecting their claim for counsel fees.

¶ 5 Our role in the interpretation of a contract is well settled:

Determining the intention of the parties is a paramount consideration in the interpretation of any contract. Robert F. Felte, Inc. v. White, 451 Pa. 137, 143, 302 A.2d 347, 351 (1973); Unit Vending Corp. v. Lacas, 410 Pa. 614, 617, 190 A.2d 298, 300 (1963). The intent of the parties is to be ascertained from the document itself when the terms are clear and unambiguous. Steuart v. McChesney, 498 Pa. 45, 48-49, 444 A.2d 659, 661 (1982); In re Estate of Breyer, 475 Pa. 108, 115, 379 A.2d 1305, 1309 (1977). However, as this Court stated in Herr Estate, 400 Pa. 90, 161 A.2d 32 (1960), "where an ambiguity exists, parol evidence is admissible to explain or clarify or resolve the ambiguity, irrespective of whether the ambiguity is created by the language of the instrument or by extrinsic or collateral circumstances." Id. at 94, 161 A.2d at 34.

We first analyze the lease to determine whether an ambiguity exists requiring the use of extrinsic evidence. A contract is ambiguous if it is reasonably susceptible of different constructions and capable of being understood in more than one sense. Metzger v. Clifford Realty Corp., 327 Pa.Superior Ct. 377, 386, 476 A.2d 1, 5 (1984); Commonwealth State Highway and Bridge Authority v. E.J. Albrecht Co., 59 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 246, 251, 430 A.2d 328, 330 (1981). See also Black's Law Dictionary 73 (Rev. 5th ed.1979). The court, as a matter of law, determines the existence of an ambiguity and interprets the contract whereas the resolution of conflicting parol evidence relevant to what the parties intended by the ambiguous provision is for the trier of fact. Easton v. Washington County Insurance Co., 391 Pa. 28, 137 A.2d 332 (1957); Fischer & Porter Co. v. Porter, 364 Pa. 495, 72 A.2d 98 (1950). See generally 4 Williston on Contracts § 616 (3d ed.1961).

Hutchison v. Sunbeam Coal Corp., 513 Pa. 192, 200-01, 519 A.2d 385, 389-90 (1986).

¶ 6 Contraves asserts on appeal that the trial court erred in awarding Licensors approximately $251,000 in minimum royalty payments, claiming instead that the license agreement does not require any minimum payments. (No one disputes that Contraves properly paid $38,000 in per-unit royalty payments, based on its actual sales, under articles 4.1 and 4.2 of the agreement.) Specifically, Contraves asserts that under article 4.3.1 of the agreement, the provision at issue, it was not required to pay the minimum royalty payments of $75,000 after the first year, and $100,000 after subsequent years. Article 4.3.1 reads in full as follows:

4.3.1 Minimum Payment Per License Year.If LICENSEE [Contraves] has not paid to LICENSORS under Articles 4.1 and 4.2 of this Agreement a total amount of ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($100,000) by three (3) days after the end of every License Year for sales during that License Year, excluding the First License Year for which LICENSEE is only required to make a minimum payment of SEVENTY-FIVE THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($75,000) by three (3) days after the end of the first License Year for sales during the first License Year, this Agreement may be terminated by LICENSORS and INVENTOR provided, however, LICENSEE may, at its option, pay the difference between its actual payments and ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($100,000), or SEVENTY FIVE THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($75,000) for the first License Year, within three (3) days from the end of the License Year in question of this Agreement in which case this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. LICENSORS and INVENTOR may, pursuant to a writing signed by the President of TRC, waive the requirement that LICENSEE shall have paid ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($100,000) within three (3) days from the end of the License Year in question, or SEVENTY FIVE THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($75,000) within three (3) days from the end of the first License Year, and allow LICENSEE to continue under this Agreement under alternative arrangements if LICENSEE so agrees. Such minimum payment of ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($100,000) within three (3) days from the end of the License Year in question, or SEVENTY FIVE THOUSAND U.S. DOLLARS ($75,000) within three (3) days from the end of the first License Year, by LICENSEE shall constitute diligent and active, development of the Products by LICENSEE such that public utilization shall result therefrom during License Years one (1) through seven (7) of this Agreement and shall fully satisfy any obligation of LICENSEE to diligently and actively develop, market, or sell the Products.

(License Agreement, 10/31/97 (Exhibit A to Complaint) (hereinafter, "License Agreement"), at 14 (emphasis added).) The parties do not dispute that this agreement is unambiguous; rather, they ascribe to it different meanings.

¶ 7 Contraves argues that it had the option whether to pay the minimum royalty payments, and that payment was only required to avoid termination if Licensors sought termination for Contraves' failure to pay. (Brief for Appellees, at 16-17.) Conversely, Licensors argue that the...