Adoption of K.L.J.K., Matter of
| Decision Date | 29 December 1986 |
| Docket Number | No. 86-322,86-322 |
| Citation | 730 P.2d 1135,224 Mont. 418 |
| Parties | In the Matter of the ADOPTION OF K.L.J.K., A minor. |
| Court | Montana Supreme Court |
Appellant, Billings, pro se.
Dunaway, O'Connor & Moe, William J. O'Connor, II, Billings, for respondent.
The natural father of K.L.J.K. appeals the May 2, 1986, order of the Thirteenth Judicial District Court terminating his parental rights and decreeing the adoption of K.L.J.K. by her natural mother's new husband. We affirm.
The marriage of K.L.J.K.'s natural parents was dissolved February 14, 1983. The mother was awarded custody of K.L.J.K. The father, G.R.K., was ordered to pay $100 a month in child support until finding employment or June 1, 1983, whichever occurred first. Thereafter, he was to pay $175 per month.
The father, a frequently unemployed construction worker, has been remiss regarding his child support obligation since the beginning. He has been held in contempt of court and incarcerated for his failure to make the support payments. Efforts by G.R.K. to have his support obligation reduced have not been successful. In October of 1984, he was found to owe $3,336.58, in child support. No support payments have been forthcoming since May of 1984.
In October of 1985, the natural mother petitioned the court for the termination of G.R.K.'s parental rights. Her new husband then petitioned the court to adopt K.L.J.K. G.R.K.'s request for a court-appointed attorney of his choosing was denied. G.R.K. has therefore appeared pro se. Following several hearings on the petitions and the filing of numerous briefs and memoranda by the parties, the trial judge held that because K.L.J.K.'s natural father had failed to make child support payments for at least one year prior to the filing of the petitions, despite his ability to do so, his daughter could be adopted without his permission pursuant to Sec. 40-8-111(1)(a)(v), MCA. The trial judge terminated G.R.K.'s parental rights, then found that adoption by her natural mother's husband would be in K.L.J.K.'s best interests and granted the petition to adopt.
Numerous issues are raised on appeal.
1. Is G.R.K.'s constitutional right to equal protection abridged by the requirement that he make child support payments despite being denied visitation rights with his daughter?
2. Did the District Court err by not giving credit for in-kind child support payments?
3. Did the District Court fail to provide G.R.K. with a fundamentally fair hearing by:
a. refusing his request for court-appointed counsel;
b. failing to provide adequate notice of the hearings in this matter; and
c. making a ruling based on improper findings?
4. Is Sec. 40-8-111(1)(a)(v), MCA, unconstitutionally vague?
We take this opportunity to reaffirm our decision in State, ex rel. Dewyea v. Knapp (Mont.1984), 674 P.2d 1104, 41 St.Rep. 143, that one's obligation to provide child support is in no way connected with one's right to visitation. Section 40-5-124, MCA, states in part:
... The determination or enforcement of a duty of support owed to one obligee is unaffected by any interference by another obligee with rights of custody or visitation granted by a court.
Because the responsibility to provide child support is not interchangeable with the right to visit one's child, there can be no equal protection problem in requiring that child support obligations be met despite the denial of visitation rights.
We also reaffirm our decision in In the Matter of the Adoption of S.L.R. (1982), 196 Mont. 411, 640 P.2d 886, that the providing of articles of clothing or other in-kind payments does not satisfy a parent's obligation to contribute to the financial support of his or her child.
Next, there is no constitutional or statutory requirement that an indigent party be provided with court-appointed counsel in a civil proceeding. The Court has reviewed the cases cited by G.R.K. in support of his request for court-appointed counsel and finds that each involves a situation where the State is seeking to terminate parental rights pursuant to criminal statutes. They are not civil matters. See Lassiter v. Dept. of Social Services (1981), 452 U.S. 18, 101 S.Ct. 2153, 68 L.Ed.2d 640.
The fundamental requirements for due process are "notice and opportunity for hearing appropriate to the nature of the case." Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. (1950), 339 U.S. 306, 70 S.Ct. 652, 94 L.Ed. 865. G.R.K. received adequate notice of each hearing held in this matter, appeared at each hearing and presented evidence and testimony in support of his position. We find no violation of G.R.K.'s right to due process of the laws.
The remaining issues raised by appellant require close scrutiny by this Court. G.R.K. contends Sec. 40-8-111(1)(a)(v), MCA, is unconstitutional because of its vagueness. Respondent contends that this issue was not raised at the lower level. Therefore, we should not consider it on appeal. Respondent has apparently disregarded a memorandum filed by G.R.K. in the lower court the morning of May 5, 1986, wherein the precise issue was raised and discussed. However, the Attorney General's office has never been notified of the constitutional challenge to the statute as required by Rule 38, M.R.App.Civ.P. Because appellant failed to timely raise the issue in the lower court and because the Attorney General's office has not been given an opportunity to appear in this matter, we refuse to decide the constitutionality of Sec. 40-8-111(1)(a)(v), MCA.
Nevertheless, if the statute is in fact vague, objections other than those of a constitutional nature may be made. Courts must refuse to enforce legislation which is deemed too uncertain to be applied. However, Courts are granted the liberty of construing uncertain statutes in a reasonable manner, keeping in mind the intent of the legislature. Nice v. State (1973), 161 Mont. 448, 507 P.2d 527. See also McClanathan v. Smith (1980), 186 Mont. 56, 606 P.2d 507. We take that liberty here.
Section 40-8-111(1)(a)(v), MCA, states:
Consent required for adoption. (1) An adoption of a child may be decreed when there have been filed written consents to adoption executed by:
(a) both parents, if living, or the surviving parent of a child, provided that consent is not required from a father or mother:
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