Aitken v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 21 October 1981
• Docket Number: No. 52882,52882
• Citation: 404 So.2d 1040
• Parties: Robin Black AITKEN v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

Page 1040

404 So.2d 1040

Robin Black AITKEN v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY.

No. 52882.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

Oct. 21, 1981.

W. O. Dillard, Scott Stuart, Jackson, for appellant.

Steen, Reynolds Dalehite & Currie, Edward J. Currie, Jr., Jerome B. Steen, Whitman B. Johnson, III, Jackson, for appellee.

Before ROBERTSON, P. J., and WALKER and LEE, JJ.

ROBERTSON, Presiding Justice, for the Court:

Robin Black Aitken sued State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, in the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds County, to recover damages either under the personal injury liability provision or under the uninsured motorist clause of her insurance policy with State Farm for injuries suffered by her when her fiance, Thomas Aitken (whom she later married before filing suit) negligently drove her car into a telephone post. Aitken was driving her car with her permission, and she was seated on the passenger side of the front seat. In her policy, the named insured was "Robin Black" and the insured motor vehicle was her "1976 Sunbird".

After plaintiff had rested, State Farm moved for a directed verdict on the grounds that: (1) under the provisions of her policy the term "uninsured motor vehicle" shall not include a vehicle defined in the policy as an "insured motor vehicle", (2) neither the uninsured motorist statute (MCA §§ 83-11-101 et seq. (Supp.1980)), nor the uninsured motorist provision of her policy covered such an action; and (3) because she married Aitken before filing suit, he would not be liable to her for damages under the doctrine of interspousal immunity, and therefore her insurer, who steps into her shoes by right of subrogation against the uninsured motorist, would not be liable.

The court sustained the motion for a directed verdict, and it is from that judgment that plaintiff, Robin Black (Aitken), appeals.

She makes these three assignments of error:

I. The trial court erred in sustaining the motion for a directed verdict on the grounds that the vehicle was excluded by the policy.

II. The trial court erred in sustaining a motion for a directed verdict on the grounds that the appellant could not recover because of interspousal immunity.

III. The trial court erred in sustaining the motion for a directed verdict and excluding the evidence of the appellant on punitive damages.

On the rainy night of September 14, 1978, around 11:00 p. m., Thomas Aitken was driving Robin Black's 1976 Pontiac Sunbird north on Ridgewood Road in the City of Jackson about 100 yards south of its intersection with Old Canton Road. In her declaration against State Farm, plaintiff charged that Aitken was driving too fast under existing weather and road conditions, that he failed to use due care and his negligent driving caused him to lose control of her car and caused it to run into a telephone pole off of Ridgewood Road. She charged that his negligence was the sole cause of her injuries.

Thomas Aitken, a traveling salesman, had allowed his liability insurance to lapse by not paying the premiums. State Farm promptly paid plaintiff the $5,000 medical pay coverage and all damages due her under the collision coverage of her policy. Bodily injury liability coverage under her policy was denied, and also coverage under Section III (uninsured motor vehicle coverage) was denied. Plaintiff alleged in her declaration against State Farm that she was entitled to recover under either theory. Plaintiff's insurance contract with State Farm contained these provisions:

SECTION III UNINSURED MOTOR VEHICLE COVERAGE

INSURING AGREEMENTS

COVERAGE U DAMAGES FOR BODILY INJURY CAUSED BY UNINSURED MOTOR VEHICLES

To pay all sums which the insured or his legal representative shall be legally entitled to recover as damages from the owner or operator of an uninsured motor vehicle because of bodily injury sustained by the insured, caused by accident and arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of such uninsured motor vehicle ...

Under "Definitions Section III" of the Uninsured Motor Vehicle Coverage are found these provisions:

Insured Motor Vehicle means:

(1) an owned motor vehicle provided the use thereof is by such first named insured or resident spouse or any other person to whom such first named insured or resident spouse has given permission to use such vehicle if the use is within the scope of such permission, ...

Uninsured Motor Vehicle means:

(1) a land motor vehicle with respect to the ownership, maintenance or use of which there is in at least the amounts specified by the financial responsibility law of the state in which the described motor vehicle is principally garaged, no bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy applicable at the time of the accident with respect to any person or organization legally responsible for the use of such vehicle, or with respect to which there is a bodily injury liability bond or insurance policy applicable at the time of the accident but the company writing the same denies that there is any coverage thereunder or is or becomes insolvent; or

(2) a hit-and-run motor vehicle as defined;

but the term uninsured motor vehicle shall not include:

(i) a vehicle defined herein as an insured motor vehicle;

Plaintiff-Appellant contends that these policy provisions are in conflict with the Uninsured Motorist Coverage statute which provides:

"(T)he term 'uninsured motor vehicle' means a motor vehicle as to which there is (1) no bodily injury liability insurance, or bodily injury liability insurance with limits less than the amounts specified in section 83-11-101, but it will be considered uninsured only for that amount between the limit carried and the limit required in section 83-11-101, (2) there is such insurance in existence but the insurance company writing the same has legally denied coverage thereunder or is unable, because of being insolvent at the time of or becoming insolvent during the twelve (12) months following the accident, to make payment with respect to the legal liability of its insured within the limits specified in said section 83-11-101, or (3) there is no bond or deposit of cash or securities in lieu of such bodily injury and property damage liability insurance or other compliance with the state financial responsibility law." (MCA § 83-11-103 (1972)).

Perhaps it would be helpful in answering this question to review the history and purpose of the uninsured motorist coverage statutes.

In two rather recent cases, this Court has discussed the basic purpose of the uninsured motorist statutes:

"In interpreting similar, if not identical statutes, the vast majority of jurisdictions have stated that the purpose of such uninsured motorist laws is to provide protection to innocent insured motorists and passengers injured as a result of the negligence of financially irresponsible drivers....

... Its purpose is to give the same protection to the person injured by an uninsured motorist as he would have had if he had been injured in an accident caused by an automobile covered by a standard liability policy." Rampy v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 278 So.2d 428, 432 (Miss.1973); Lowery v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 285 So.2d 767, 770 (Miss.1973).

Actually the purpose of the UMC statute and Section III of the appellant's insurance policy was to cover injuries caused by another and separate motor vehicle owned or operated by a person who did not have liability insurance coverage on his automobile or had such coverage in an insurance company that became insolvent or bankrupt.

MCA Section 83-11-103 (1972), makes Thomas Aitken an "insured" under appellant's policy with this language:

"(T)he term 'insured' means the named insured and, while resident of the same household, the spouse of any such named insured and relatives of either, while in a motor vehicle or otherwise, and any person who uses, with the consent, expressed or implied, of the named insured, the motor vehicle to which the policy applies, ..." (Emphasis added).

"The definition of the term 'insured' given in this paragraph shall apply only to the uninsured motorist portion of the policy."

These provisions of the UMC statute make plain the logic and reasonableness of the policy's definitions of an "Insured Motor Vehicle" and an "Uninsured Motor Vehicle" and the provision that the vehicle cannot be both "Insured" and "Uninsured" in the same policy. Neither can Thomas Aitken be an "Insured" under the policy as driver of the "Named Insured's" automobile with her permission, and at one and the same time be an "Uninsured Motorist" under the policy.

The trial court was correct in sustaining appellee's motion for a directed verdict on another ground, that of interspousal immunity. The accident in the case at bar occurred on September 14, 1978. Appellant Robin Black married Thomas Aitken (the negligent driver of her car) on March 9, 1979. She filed her declaration against State Farm only on...