Allende v. New York City Health and Hospitals Corp.

• Decision Date: 17 June 1997
• Citation: 90 N.Y.2d 333,683 N.E.2d 317,660 N.Y.S.2d 695
• Parties: , 683 N.E.2d 317 Rosaura ALLENDE, Also Known as Rosaura Rivera, Respondent, v. NEW YORK CITY HEALTH AND HOSPITALS CORPORATION, Appellant.
• Court: New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

Page 695

660 N.Y.S.2d 695

90 N.Y.2d 333, 683 N.E.2d 317

Rosaura ALLENDE, Also Known as Rosaura Rivera, Respondent, v. NEW YORK CITY HEALTH AND HOSPITALS CORPORATION, Appellant.

Court of Appeals of New York.

June 17, 1997.

Paul A. Crotty, Corporation Counsel, New York City (Ellen B. Fishman and Leonard Koerner, of counsel), for Appellant.

Seligson, Rothman & Rothman, New York City (Martin S. Rothman, of counsel), and Irom, Wittels, Freund & Finley, New York City (Glen Finley and Alyne I. Diamond, of counsel), for Respondent.

OPINION OF THE COURT

KAYE, Chief Judge.

Did the continuous treatment doctrine toll the 90-day period in which plaintiff was required to file a notice of claim against defendant New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC)? Both because plaintiff's statements and actions indicate that she did not intend to return to the site of her initial treatment, and because the additional treatment she received at another HHC-owned hospital did not qualify as continuous treatment, we reverse the Appellate Division order and dismiss the complaint.

I.

On April 12, 1985, at her personal physician's recommendation, plaintiff Rosaura Allende went to the emergency room of Lincoln Hospital, complaining of a fever and back and chest pains. Lincoln is owned by HHC. Plaintiff was diagnosed with pneumonia and was admitted to Lincoln for immediate treat ment. Her condition worsened, necessitating a lengthy stay, and an arterial catheter was placed in her left wrist to monitor the oxygenation of her blood.

Upon the catheter's removal, plaintiff began to experience circulation problems in her left hand. At the time these problems were first noticed, attending physicians at Lincoln considered procedures to improve the circulation but eventually rejected them because of plaintiff's weakened condition. Her left hand discolored, and her left middle and index fingertips ultimately became gangrenous.

When plaintiff was discharged on July 4, 1985, a doctor at Lincoln informed her that the gangrenous parts of her fingers would eventually dry and fall off. She was advised to return to Lincoln at that time so that her hand could be examined. The gangrenous areas of plaintiff's fingers subsequently hardened and began to chip away, but plaintiff did not return to Lincoln. At several clinics in her neighborhood which were unaffiliated with HHC she was told that they could do nothing for her hand, and that she would have to seek attention at a hospital. On December 14, 1985, the gangrenous tip of her left index finger came off but plaintiff did not return to Lincoln or seek medical attention at that time.

Plaintiff later sought care for treatment of conditions unrelated to her fingers at North Central Bronx Hospital, another HHC facility. She visited North Central three times between December 27, 1985 and January 9, 1986, and complained of pain in her left hand only on her last visit. On January 25, 1986, when her left middle finger was smashed by a window which fell as she attempted to open it, the gangrenous portion of that finger came loose, and plaintiff went to the emergency room of North Central, where doctors amputated the loose portion of the finger.

Plaintiff served a notice of claim on HHC on March 28, 1986 and commenced the instant suit, claiming that a surgical procedure, which could have saved the circulation in her left hand and prevented the ultimate loss of her two fingers, should have been performed at Lincoln.

Before trial, HHC moved to dismiss the complaint or alternatively for summary judgment on the ground that plaintiff failed to comply with the 90-day limitations period for filing a notice of claim (General Municipal Law § 50-e; McKinney's Uncons. Laws of N.Y. § 7401[2] [New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation Act § 20(2); L. 1969, ch. 1016, § 1, as amended] ). Supreme Court denied the motion, holding that issues of fact existed concerning continuous treatment, and the Appellate Division affirmed. After trial, the jury returned a $1,000,000 verdict in plaintiff's favor.

By posttrial motion, defendant again sought to dismiss the complaint for failure to file a timely notice of claim or alternatively to set aside the verdict as excessive. The trial court denied the motion to dismiss, finding that the doctrine of continuous treatment applied. The court noted "it is undisputed that plaintiff and the physicians at Lincoln who treated her expected that she would ultimately return for further treatment to her fingers," concluding that "plaintiff intended to utilize HHC facilities for her finger injuries and treatment. Indeed, plaintiff's election to seek subsequent treatment at North Central Bronx rather than Lincoln does not destroy, legally speaking, a claim of continuous treatment by HHC." The court, however, granted defendant's motion to the limited extent of finding the award for future pain and suffering to be excessive, ordering a new trial on damages unless plaintiff stipulated to a reduced award of $750,000 (which plaintiff did). The Appellate Division affirmed. We granted leave to appeal, and now reverse.

II.

A notice of claim in a medical malpractice action against HHC must be filed within 90 days after the claim arises (General Municipal Law § 50-e; McKinney's Uncons. Laws of N.Y. § 7401[2] [New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation Act § 20(2); L. 1969, ch. 1016, § 1, as amended] ). Since plaintiff failed to file such a notice until more than six months after the alleged negligence at Lincoln and never sought permission to file a late notice of claim, her claim can be saved only by the continuous treatment doctrine we first articulated in Borgia v. City of New York, 12 N.Y.2d 151, 155, 237 N.Y.S.2d 319, 187 N.E.2d 777, and which was later codified in CPLR 214-a. ¹ Under plaintiff's theory, her notice of claim was timely because it was filed within 90 days of her January 25, 1986 treatment at North Central--on March 28, 1986. There is no dispute that, if otherwise applicable to the facts of this case, the continuous treatment doctrine applies to the time in which to file a notice of claim under General Municipal Law § 50-e (Borgia v. City of New York, supra, 12 N.Y.2d, at 155, 237 N.Y.S.2d 319, 187 N.E.2d 777; see also, Davis v. City of New York, 38 N.Y.2d 257, 379 N.Y.S.2d 721, 342 N.E.2d 516).

Under the continuous treatment doctrine, "the time in which to bring a malpractice action is stayed 'when the course of treatment which includes the wrongful acts or omissions has run continuously and is related to the same original condition or complaint' " (McDermott v. Torre, 56 N.Y.2d 399, 405, 452 N.Y.S.2d 351, 437 N.E.2d 1108, quoting Borgia v. City of New York, supra, 12 N.Y.2d, at 155, 237 N.Y.S.2d 319, 187 N.E.2d 777). As we have recognized, it "would be absurd to require a wronged patient to interrupt corrective efforts by serving a summons on the physician or hospital" (Borgia v. City of New York, supra, 12 N.Y.2d, at 156, 237 N.Y.S.2d 319, 187 N.E.2d 777). Further, we have noted that the doctor committing the alleged malpractice is not only in a position to identify and correct any mistakes but also best placed to do so (Ganess v. City of New York, 85 N.Y.2d 733, 735, 628 N.Y.S.2d 242, 651 N.E.2d 1261; Cooper v. Kaplan, 78 N.Y.2d 1103, 578 N.Y.S.2d 124, 585 N.E.2d 373). One of the elements of continuous treatment is that

"further treatment is explicitly anticipated by both physician and patient as manifested in the form of a regularly scheduled appointment for the near future, agreed upon during that last visit, in conformance with the periodic appointments which characterized the treatment in the immediate past. * * * [W]here the physician and patient reasonably intend the patient's uninterrupted reliance upon the physician's observation, directions, concern, and responsibility for overseeing the patient's progress, the requirement for continuous * * * treatment * * * [is] satisfied." (Richardson v. Orentreich, 64 N.Y.2d 896, 898-899, 487 N.Y.S.2d 731, 477 N.E.2d 210 [emphasis added]; see also, Cox v. Kingsboro Med. Group, 88 N.Y.2d 904, 646 N.Y.S.2d 659, 669 N.E.2d 817.)

The trial court and Appellate Division found, on the facts before them, that this requirement had been satisfied--that both plaintiff and the doctors at Lincoln expected that she would return for further treatment on her fingers. Affirmed factual findings are beyond the scope of our review so long as they are supported by some evidence in the record (see, e.g., Stiles v. Batavia Atomic Horseshoes, 81 N.Y.2d 950, 951, 597 N.Y.S.2d 666, 613 N.E.2d 572).

While there is ample support for the finding that the doctors at Lincoln expected plaintiff to return, there is no evidence that plaintiff herself shared that intention. Plaintiff...