Allstate Drilling Company v. Martinelli, No. PC 02-5877 (R.I. Super 1/15/2004)

• Decision Date: 15 January 2004
• Docket Number: No. PC 02-5877,PC 02-5877
• Parties: ALLSTATE DRILLING COMPANY d/b/a NEW ENGLAND FOUNDATION & STABILIZATION CO., Plaintiff v. AVA MARTINELLI, Defendant
• Court: Rhode Island Superior Court

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ALLSTATE DRILLING COMPANY d/b/a NEW ENGLAND FOUNDATION & STABILIZATION CO., Plaintiff v. AVA MARTINELLI, Defendant

No. PC 02-5877

Superior Court of Rhode Island.

Filed: January 15, 2004

DECISION

GIBNEY, J.

This case is before the Court for decision following a non-jury trial on a complaint by Allstate Drilling Company, d/b/a New England Foundation & Stabilization Co. (Plaintiff), against Ava Martinelli (Defendant). Plaintiff seeks recovery under a construction contract claiming breach of contract and quantum meruit. Jurisdiction is pursuant to G.L. 1956 § 8-2-14.

FACTS AND TRAVEL

Ava Martinelli (Defendant) is the owner of a piece of property located at 54 Fairweather Avenue in Cranston, Rhode Island. In attempting to restore her house so that she could sell it, Defendant contacted New England Foundation & Stabilization Co. (Plaintiff) in February 2002 for it to structurally support, lift and underpin the existing foundation walls of her house. Plaintiff and Defendant entered into an agreement dated April 10, 2002, wherein the Plaintiff agreed to underpin the walls and place resistance piers under the foundation walls. The total cost of the project was set at $17,000, and Defendant paid a deposit of $8,500 before the work began. The contract provided that, should additional costs be required, the work would be brought to the attention of the Defendant "prior to initializing repairs for authorization."

During the process of sinking the piers, Plaintiff encountered unstable subsoil, preventing it from reaching a solid base. Plaintiff alleges that it contacted the Defendant to inform her of the condition and that extra piping material would be necessary. Plaintiff also claims that the Defendant directed Plaintiff to proceed. Defendant, however, denies these allegations and maintains that she was never informed of the extra expense. Thereafter, Plaintiff billed the Defendant $15,928.75, comprised of the remaining $8,500 and $7,428.75 for the extra piping material, which Defendant has failed to pay. Plaintiff instituted the instant action seeking recovery under breach of contract or, alternatively, quantum meruit.

This Court, sitting without a jury, heard the matter on November 18, 2003. Decision is herein rendered.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Rule 52(a) of the Rhode Island Superior Court Rules of Civil Procedure provides that "in all actions tried upon the facts without a jury . . . the court shall find the facts specially and state separately its conclusions of law thereon. . . ." R.I. Super. R. Civ. P. 52(a). In accordance with this authority in a non-jury trial, "the trial justice sits as trier of fact as well as law." Hood v. Hawkins, 478 A.2d 181, 184 (R.I. 1984). "Consequently, [s]he weighs and considers the evidence, passes upon the credibility of witnesses, and draws proper inferences." Id. "The task of determining credibility of witnesses is peculiarly the function of the trial justice when sitting without a jury." State v. Sparks, 667 A.2d 1250, 1251 (R.I. 1995) (citing Walton v. Baird, 433 A.2d 963, 964 (R.I. 1981)). "It is also the province of the trial justice to draw inferences from the testimony of witnesses . . . ." Id.; see also Rodriques v. Santos, 466 A.2d 306, 312 (R.I. 1983) (the question of who is to be believed is one for the trier of fact). When rendering a decision in a non-jury trial, "the trial justice need not engage in extensive analysis to comply with this requirement." White v. Le Clerc, 468 A.2d 289, 290 (R.I. 1983). Thus, "even brief findings will suffice as long as they address and resolve the controlling factual and legal issues." Id.

BREACH OF CONTRACT

Plaintiff argues that Defendant has breached the contract by not paying the balance of $15,928.75, which includes the cost of extra work beyond the original contract price. When interpreting a contract, the Court initially examines the precise language of the agreement in order to ascertain whether the meaning and intent of the parties is clear. Contract language is assigned its ordinary, dictionary meaning. Dudzik v. Leesona Corporation, 473 A.2d 762, 765 (R.I. 1984). Thus, when the contract is clear on its face, it is the duty of the court to interpret it as a matter of law. "Clear and unambiguous language set out in a contract is controlling in regard to the intent of the parties to such contract and governs the legal consequences of its provisions." Dudzik, 473 A.2d at 765 (citing Chapman v. Vendresca, 426 A.2d 262, 264 (R.I. 1981); Fireman's Fund Insurance Co. v. E.W. Burman, Inc., 120 R.I. 841, 391 A.2d 99, 102 (R.I. 1978)). Contract interpretation becomes a matter of fact only when the pertinent language is ambiguous or admits of more than one meaning. Judd Realty, Inc. v. Tedesco, 400 A.2d 952, 955 (R.I. 1979) (citing Russolino v. A. F. Rotelli & Sons, 85 R.I. 160, 128 A.2d 337, 340 (R.I. 1957); Johnson v. Kile & Morgan Co., 49 R.I. 99, 140 A. 3, 6 (R.I. 1928)). Ambiguous contract terms are to be construed against the drafter. Judd Realty, 400 A.2d 952 at 952.

In interpreting the language on page two of the contract between Plaintiff and Defendant, the Court is satisfied that the meaning is clear and unambiguous. The contract explicitly states that "[a]ny remedial repairs or preparation not deemed normal installation practice" will be brought to the Defendant's attention "prior to initializing repairs for authorization." Thus, the Plaintiff, if not in compliance, will be unable to recover any damages if it did not follow the proper procedure set forth in the contract. See Women's Development Corp. v. City of Central Falls, 764 A.2d 151, 158 (R.I. 2001) (party's material breach of contract justifies non-breaching party's subsequent nonperformance of contractual obligations); see also Westates Constr. Co. v. Cheyenne, 775 P.2d 502, 504 (Wyo. 1989) (finding defendant's failure to comply with contractual procedures deprives it of a right to compensation).

John Pray, an employee of the Plaintiff, testified that he called the Defendant to inform her of the extra work and that she approved the extra expense. Defendant, however, testified that that there were numerous delays in the project and that she was neither advised of the extra work and costs nor did she ever authorize the additional work. "It is incumbent upon the trier of fact to assess the credibility of witnesses and to determine the weight to be afforded such testimony." Vargas Mfg. Co. v. Friedman, 661 A.2d 48, 53 (R.I. 1995). Sitting as the trier of fact, this Court finds Defendant's version of the events more credible than that of the Plaintiff's witnesses. Defendant's whole account rings true. Accordingly, this Court finds the Plaintiff breached the contract by not informing the Defendant of the extra work and costs before proceeding.

Although it may be necessary for a party to a contract to have the ability to make small modifications in order to stay on schedule and accommodate the unexpected, "no party should be allowed to unilaterally and materially alter the agreement reached between the parties. Mutual assent or a bilateral agreement must be obtained before any party's obligations under a construction contract are altered." Steven G.M. Stein, Construction Law § 4.02[2] (2003). In the instant case, Defendant's obligation to pay increased from the contract price of $17,000 to $24,428.75, an increase of close to forty-four percent....