Am. S. Home Ins. Co. v. Lentini

• Decision Date: 19 December 2019
• Docket Number: No. SC18-320,SC18-320
• Parties: AMERICAN SOUTHERN HOME INSURANCE COMPANY, Petitioner, v. Louis Philip LENTINI, etc., Respondent.
• Court: Florida Supreme Court

286 So.3d 157

AMERICAN SOUTHERN HOME INSURANCE COMPANY, Petitioner,

v.Louis Philip LENTINI, etc., Respondent.

No. SC18-320

Supreme Court of Florida.

December 19, 2019

Raoul G. Cantero, David P. Draigh, and Zachary B. Dickens of White & Case LLP, Miami, Florida; and Andrew E. Grigsby of Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP, Coral Gables, Florida, for Petitioner

John N. Bogdanoff and Christopher V. Carlyle of The Carlyle Appellate Law Firm, Orlando, Florida; and Anthony T. Martino of Clark & Martino, P.A., Tampa, Florida, for Respondent

POLSTON, J.

American Southern Home Insurance Company seeks review of the decision of the Fifth District Court of Appeal in Lentini v. American Southern Home Insurance Co. , 233 So. 3d 1258 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017), which was certified to be in direct conflict with the decision of the Second District Court of Appeal in Martin v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. , 670 So. 2d 997 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996).¹ The issue before this Court is whether an insurer that issues a reduced premium collector vehicle policy may limit uninsured motorist coverage under that specialty policy to accidents involving the occupancy or use of the collector vehicle.² As explained below, we hold that the requirements of section 627.727, Florida Statutes (2015), prohibit the limitations placed on uninsured motorist coverage in the collector vehicle policy at issue. Therefore, we approve the decision of the Fifth District in Lentini and disapprove the decision of the Second District in Martin .

BACKGROUND

This case arises out of an automobile accident in which Michael Lentini was operating his motorcycle when involved in a fatal accident. Lentini's estate sought uninsured motorist benefits under his American Southern Home Insurance Company ("American Southern") policy issued on a 1992 Corvette collector vehicle. The Corvette policy contains a provision that limits uninsured motorist coverage to accidents involving the covered collector vehicle.

After American Southern denied coverage, the estate sued. The trial court, relying on the conclusion of the Second District in Martin , entered summary judgment in favor of American Southern. On appeal, the estate argued that Martin was erroneously decided and that American Southern limited Lentini's uninsured motorist coverage impermissibly under section 627.727. The Fifth District reversed the trial court's grant of summary judgment, concluding that the collector vehicle policy must and did not comply with the statutory mandates of section 627.727(9).

ANALYSIS

American Southern contends that section 627.727 does not apply to specialty insurance policies such as the Corvette policy at issue. We disagree.

Section 626.727 governs "motor vehicle insurance; uninsured and underinsured vehicle coverage; [and] insolvent insurer protection." It provides as follows:

No motor vehicle liability insurance policy which provides bodily injury liability coverage shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state with respect to any specifically insured or identified motor vehicle registered or principally garaged in this state unless uninsured motor vehicle coverage is provided therein or supplemental thereto for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover damages from owners or operators of uninsured motor vehicles because of bodily injury, sickness, or disease, including death, resulting therefrom. However, the coverage required under this section is not applicable when, or to the extent that, an insured named in the policy makes a written rejection of the coverage on behalf of all insureds under the policy.

§ 627.727(1), Fla. Stat. (2015). "[S]ection 627.727(9) provides that an insurer may offer non-stacking coverage provided that the insurer informs the insured of the limitations of such coverage and the insured executes an approved form expressly electing non-stacking coverage." Travelers Commercial Ins. Co. v. Harrington , 154 So. 3d 1106, 1113 (Fla. 2014). Specifically, subsection (9) permits insurers to offer policies with limitations on uninsured motorist coverage as follows:

(9) Insurers may offer policies of uninsured motorist coverage containing policy provisions, in language approved by the office, establishing that if the insured accepts this offer:

(a) The coverage provided as to two or more motor vehicles shall not be added together to determine the limit of insurance coverage available to an injured person for any one accident, except as provided in paragraph (c).

(b) If at the time of the accident the injured person is occupying a motor vehicle, the uninsured motorist coverage available to her or him is the coverage available as to that motor vehicle.

(c) If the injured person is occupying a motor vehicle which is not owned by her or him or by a family member residing with her or him, the injured person is entitled to the highest limits of uninsured motorist coverage afforded for any one vehicle as to which she or he is a named insured or insured family member. Such coverage shall be excess over the coverage on the vehicle the injured person is occupying.

(d) The uninsured motorist coverage provided by the policy does not apply to the named insured or family members residing in her or his household who are injured while occupying any vehicle owned by such insureds for which uninsured motorist coverage was not purchased.

(e) If, at the time of the accident the injured person is not occupying a motor vehicle, she or he is entitled to select any one limit of uninsured motorist coverage for any one vehicle afforded by a policy under which she or he is insured as a named insured or as an insured resident of the named insured's household.

§ 627.727, Fla. Stat. (2015).

As identified by the Fifth District in Lentini , "[n]othing in section 627.727 excludes collector or antique vehicle insurance policies from its application. To the contrary, section 627.727 explicitly states that ‘[n]o motor vehicle liability insurance policy ... shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state ... unless uninsured motor vehicle coverage is provided therein.’ " 233 So. 3d at 1261 (quoting § 627.727(1), Fla. Stat. (2015) ). The Second District's conclusion in Martin that "[s]ection 627.727(1) does not specifically mandate coverage for claims unconnected with the insured vehicle" is unsupported. 670 So. 2d at 1000-01. Even though the restrictive language of the collector policy and the reduced premium offered in exchange for those limitations distinguish it from a standard automobile insurance policy, the statutory language in section 627.727(1) does not make such a distinction between different types of "motor vehicles." Accordingly, the limiting policy language in the collector vehicle policy at issue violates the statute.

Further, section 627.727(9)(d) allows for uninsured motorist coverage to be limited to exclude injuries suffered in vehicles "for which uninsured motorist coverage was not purchased." However, "Lentini did not reject uninsured motorist coverage; instead, he selected stacked uninsured motorist coverage under the collector vehicle policy," and American Southern did not obtain Lentini's consent for such a limitation. Lentini , 233 So. 3d at 1261.

CONCLUSION

Because the limitations to uninsured motorist coverage in the collector vehicle policy do not comply with the statutory mandates under section 627.727, we approve the Fifth District's decision in Lentini and disapprove the Second District's decision in Martin . We remand this case to the Fifth District for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

It is so ordered.

CANADY, C.J., and LABARGA, J., concur.

MUÑIZ, J., concurs in part and concurs in the judgment with an opinion, in which LAWSON, J., concurs.

MUÑIZ, J., concurring in part and concurring in the judgment.

Section 627.727(1), Florida Statutes (2015), provides that no motor vehicle insurance policy shall be delivered or issued in this state "unless uninsured motor vehicle coverage is provided therein or supplemental thereto." The first issue presented here is whether the motor vehicle insurance policy for Michael Lentini's collector 1992 Chevrolet Corvette was subject to the requirements of section 627.727(1). I agree with the plurality opinion that "the statutory language in section 627.727(1) does not make a distinction between different types of ‘motor vehicles.’ " Lentini's collector Corvette was a motor vehicle, and the collector vehicle insurance policy he took out on the car was a motor vehicle insurance policy subject to the requirements of section 627.727(1).

The second issue we must address is whether the collector vehicle policy—which covered injuries sustained by Lentini resulting from the negligence of an uninsured motorist while driving the Corvette, but did not cover him while he was driving any of his other vehicles—provided "uninsured motor vehicle coverage" as required by section 627.727(1). That question turns on the meaning of "uninsured motor vehicle coverage." In other words, what are the minimum provisions an insurance company must include in a policy to meet the statutory requirement of "uninsured motor vehicle coverage"?

The statutory text does not provide a clear answer. The legislature has never defined "uninsured motor vehicle coverage," and our attempts to explain what it means have been based on a fifty-year-old case that analyzed an older version of section 627.727 and relied on a questionable reading of the statutory text. See Mullis v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. , 252 So. 2d 229, 238 (Fla. 1971) (Boyd, J., dissenting) ("We should not impose liability upon an insurance company which is not stated in the policies nor required by statute.");³ Martin v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. , 670 So. 2d 997, 1001 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996) ("In Mullis , the supreme court analyzed a standard family automobile policy before the advent of no-fault insurance and during the period in which uninsured motorist coverage was expressly tied...