Ammons v. State, A14-89-079-CR

• Decision Date: 14 December 1989
• Docket Number: No. A14-89-079-CR,A14-89-079-CR
• Citation: 782 S.W.2d 539
• Parties: Alberdeen AMMONS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee. (14th Dist.)
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 539

782 S.W.2d 539

Alberdeen AMMONS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. A14-89-079-CR.

Court of Appeals of Texas Houston (14th Dist.).

Dec. 14, 1989.

Bob Tarrant, Houston, for appellant.

Alan Curry, Houston, for appellee.

Before J. CURTISS BROWN, C.J., and JUNELL and DRAUGHN, JJ.

OPINION

JUNELL, Justice.

A jury convicted appellant of delivering a controlled substance, cocaine, weighing less than 28 grams. The court assessed punishment at confinement in the Texas Department of Corrections for thirty-five years. Appellant brings three points alleging reversible error by the trial court in: (1) overruling appellant's motion for instructed verdict; (2) applying the law of parties to the offense of delivery of a controlled substance; and (3) overruling appellant's motion to quash the indictment for lack of adequate notice of charges. We affirm.

Appellant was arrested by Houston Police in a drug bust. The raid was part of an investigation in which one undercover officer on the narcotics team went to the door of a suspected apartment and knocked. A voice from inside asked for identification. The officer responded with a fictitious street name. The voice inside yelled out, "Does anyone know Dee?" The officer was admitted to the living room by a person later known as Phillip McGilbra. Appellant and one female were in the dining room area of the apartment approximately 10 to 15 feet away from the officer. A second female was observed to be in a bedroom. The officer told McGilbra he wanted to buy some crack. McGilbra turned and asked if any of the others in the apartment knew the officer. The female in the bedroom said she knew he had been there earlier. The undercover officer gave McGilbra a $20 bill to pay for $10 worth of crack. McGilbra went to appellant and whispered something as he gave appellant the $20 bill. Appellant put the bill on the table and gave McGilbra a $10 bill and a Ziplock package. In plain view of the officer, McGilbra took both the bill and the package from appellant and handed them to the officer. The officer returned to his vehicle and radioed an announcement that a "buy" had been made from persons he described. Other officers then closed in on the apartment and arrested McGilbra and appellant. Police laboratory tests proved that crack cocaine had been delivered to the undercover officer.

Appellant was indicted on three counts of delivery of a controlled substance by actual transfer, constructive transfer, and offering to sell. The court granted a motion to quash the second count on constructive delivery and the State abandoned the third count on offering to sell. The only count going to the jury was delivery by actual transfer. The charge included instructions on the law of parties.

We overrule appellant's first and second points of error, which are argued together. Appellant asserts that by using the law of parties in the jury charge but not in the indictment, the court has allowed an improper conviction on charges for which appellant had inadequate notice to prepare his defense. He also asserts that the law of parties should not be applied to the offense of delivery of a controlled substance, but he offers no case law to support that proposition. On this second issue, we note that the law of parties is codified in TEX.PENAL CODE ANN., Title 2, "General Principles of Criminal Responsibility," Chapter 7, "Criminal Responsibility For Conduct of Another." Further, Title 2 of the Penal Code clearly extends to offenses defined by other laws unless those laws provide to the contrary. TEX.PENAL CODE ANN. § 1.03. McElroy v. State, 667 S.W.2d 856, 864 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1984), aff'd 720 S.W.2d 490 (Tex.Crim.App.1986). The Texas Controlled Substances Act, TEX REV.CIV.STAT.ANN. art. 4476-15, does not preclude the use of Title 2 of the Texas Penal Code, although the Act does prescribe its own punishment, which is completely consistent with the language of TEX.PENAL CODE ANN. § 1.03(b).

Contrary to appellant's claims, the application of the law of parties does not create an offense separate from the one in the indictment, nor does it serve to redefine the Legislative definition of "delivery," as found in TEX.REV.CIV.STAT.ANN. art. 4476-15 sec. 1.02(7), by providing a new definition of "actual transfer."

This court has previously dealt with questions presented under TEX.PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 7.01-7.02 and has concluded that an indictment which does not give reference the law of parties does not present a constitutional infirmity. Martin v. State, 704 S.W.2d 892, 894 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1986, no pet.). The court...