Angelina Cas. Co. v. Pattonville-Bridgeton Terrace Fire Protection Dist., PATTONVILLE-BRIDGETON

• Decision Date: 21 January 1986
• Docket Number: No. 49747,PATTONVILLE-BRIDGETON,49747
• Parties: ANGELINA CASUALTY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v.TERRACE FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT and Glenn Henricks a/k/a Charles Henricks and Hattie F. Moutrie a/k/a Jean Moutrie, Defendants-Respondents.
• Court: Missouri Court of Appeals

Page 483

706 S.W.2d 483

ANGELINA CASUALTY COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PATTONVILLE-BRIDGETON TERRACE FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT and Glenn Henricks a/k/a Charles Henricks and Hattie

F. Moutrie a/k/a Jean Moutrie,

Defendants-Respondents.

No. 49747.

Missouri Court of Appeals,

Eastern District,

Division One.

Jan. 21, 1986.

Motion for Rehearing and/or Transfer

Denied Feb. 25, 1986.

Application to Transfer Denied

April 15, 1986.

Don R. Sherman, St. Louis, for plaintiff-appellant

Thomas M. Flach, Clayton, for defendants-respondents.

SMITH, Judge.

Plaintiff appeals from a judgment in a court-tried declaratory judgment action determining that plaintiff owes a duty to defend the defendant in a civil rights action pending in federal court. The case was submitted on stipulated facts and documents. We reverse.

The federal action involves a claim by two former employees of the district that they were discharged by the district for engaging in constitutionally protected activity. Jurisdiction was invoked pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 28 U.S.C. § 1343. Specifically the complaint in that action alleged that the District and two of its directors "conspired with each other to fire and discharge Plaintiffs for the reasons that Plaintiffs had engaged in Constitutionally protected activity" and that the actions of the District and the directors "were unlawful, wanton, malicious and intentionally done" for enumerated reasons. Count II incorporated all the allegations of Count I and alleged further that "in terminating Plaintiffs, the Defendants have so tarnished Plaintiff's employment records that Plaintiffs have been unable to obtain other" equivalent employment. Plaintiffs in that action sought actual and punitive damages.

The District and the directors tendered the defense of the federal case to plaintiff under plaintiff's comprehensive general liability insurance policy. This suit followed.

An insurer's duty to defend is determined from the provisions of the policy and the allegations of the petition charging liability of the insured. Zipkin v. Freeman, 436 S.W.2d 753 (Mo. banc 1968) ; Travelers Insurance Co. v. Cole, 631 S.W.2d 661 (Mo.App.1982) . While the duty to defend is broader than the duty to pay a judgment (Butters v. City of Independence, 513 S.W.2d 418 (Mo.1974) [2-4] ) the former must appear from the policy and the petition.

The policy provisions upon which both parties rely provide coverage for bodily injury or property damage caused by an "occurrence." The policy defines "occurrence" as "an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to conditions which results in bodily injury or property damage neither expected nor intended from the standpoint of the insured." This language excludes coverage for the insured's intentional acts. Travelers Insurance Co. v. Cole, supra, . Injury or damage is intentional if the insured has acted with the specific intent to cause harm and such intent can be inferred as a matter of law if the natural and probable consequences of an act are to produce harm. Id. [2, 3].

An action for deprivation of civil rights under § 1983 can be based upon either negligent or intentional acts. Tucker v. Maher, 497 F.2d 1309 (2nd Cir.1974) cert. den. 419 U.S. 997, 95 S.Ct. 312, 42 L.Ed.2d 271 (l.c. 1315). Where, however, the defendant is a public official such as the directors here, there exists a qualified immunity under § 1983. A plaintiff in a § 1983 case against such an official must allege and prove that the official acted in bad faith. Procunier v....