Appel v. Bard, 4D14–2061.
Decision Date | 21 January 2015 |
Docket Number | No. 4D14–2061.,4D14–2061. |
Citation | 154 So.3d 1227 |
Parties | Randall S. APPEL, Petitioner, v. Norman BARD and Shirley Bard, Respondents. |
Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Esther A. Zaretsky, West Palm Beach, for petitioner.
Robert Rivas of Sachs Sax Caplan, P.L., Tallahassee, for respondents.
Randall S. Appel petitions this Court for a writ of certiorari, seeking review of an order granting plaintiffs' motion to compel answers to deposition questions and overruling Fifth Amendment privilege objections. We grant the petition.
Respondents are seeking to execute a domesticated foreign judgment of more than $1 million dollars against Appel. During discovery, Appel invoked the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and refrained from answering questions regarding whether he filed tax returns for a span of years. Respondents filed a motion to compel which the trial court granted for years 2005 through 2010.
Appel argues that this was a departure from the essential requirements of law because being forced to admit or deny, under oath, whether he filed his tax returns could be used by the U.S. Department of Treasury against him in a future tax prosecution. Appel also argues that his answers could “evoke a response forming a link in the chain of evidence which might lead to criminal prosecution.” Delisi v. Smith, 423 So.2d 934, 938 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982).
“Certiorari will lie to review an order compelling discovery in a civil case over an objection that the order violates the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.” Boyle v. Buck, 858 So.2d 391, 392 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003).
When presented with a Fifth Amendment privilege objection, the court “must exercise its discretion and determine whether it is reasonably possible that answers to either interrogatories or deposition questions could evoke a response ‘forming a link in the chain of evidence which might lead to criminal prosecution.’ ” DeLisi v. Bankers Ins. Co., 436 So.2d 1099, 1101 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983) (quoting Delisi, 423 So.2d at 938 ).
Pillsbury Co. v. Conboy, 459 U.S. 248, 267 n. 1, 103 S.Ct. 608, 74 L.Ed.2d 430 (1983) (J. Marshall concurring) (emphasis added).
In the present case, petitioner has shown a reasonable probability that the information might be used against him in a prosecution for failure to file and failure to pay his taxes.1 We conclude that he is entitled to relief.
Compelling Appel to answer yes-or-no in response to whether he filed tax returns would be forcing him to admit or deny the very thing the government would be trying to prove in a federal tax prosecution—an essential element of the crime, thus lowering the government's burden. We disagree with respondents' contention that because the IRS is already aware of his filing status he should be compelled to answer.
We find that the trial court departed from the essential requirements of law in ordering Appel to respond to the deposition questions regarding whether he filed tax returns for years 2005–2010. We grant the petition, quash the order on review and remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.2
Petition Granted.
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