Arkansas Game & Fish Com'n v. Lindsey, 89-18
| Decision Date | 26 June 1989 |
| Docket Number | No. 89-18,89-18 |
| Citation | 299 Ark. 249,771 S.W.2d 769 |
| Court | Arkansas Supreme Court |
| Parties | ARKANSAS GAME & FISH COMMISSION, Appellant, v. Thomas E. LINDSEY, et al., Appellees. |
Howell, Price, Trice, Basham & Hope, by Carey E. Basham and Dale Price, P. Douglas Mays, Little Rock, for appellant.
Larry E. Graddy, Conway, for appellees.
Upon petition by the appellees, the Faulkner County Court granted a right of private roadway across the property of the appellant. The matter was appealed to the Circuit Court of Faulkner County, which affirmed the action of the county court. The appellant raises four points for reversal: (1) that the civil action against the state is prohibited by article 5, § 20 of the Arkansas Constitution; (2) that Ark.Code Ann. § 27-66-401 (1987) is inapplicable against the state; (3) that the decision of this court in a previous appeal is res judicata; and (4) that the trial court erred in failing to allow Robert Palmer to testify as to the value of the land taken for the roadway. Finding merit in the fourth argument, the case will be reversed and remanded for the purpose of determining the amount of damages which the appellant has sustained by reason of the establishment of the roadway.
The right to use this roadway was before us in the case of Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. Lindsey, et al., 292 Ark. 314, 730 S.W.2d 474 (1987) (Lindsey I ). That case was heard on appeal from a decision of the Chancery Court of Faulkner County. The chancellor had enjoined the appellant from interfering with the right to travel a public roadway. The opinion of this court declared that a portion of the roadway was not a public road.
The dispute then moved into the County Court of Faulkner County when Thomas E. Lindsey, Alfred Peaks, C.W. Elrod, Douglas J. Mathis, James D. Denton, Donna Denton, James E. Mitchell, Billy W. Russell, Homer Rabjohn, and Ollie Rabjohn petitioned to have the county court declare a private roadway across the appellant's property from the Saltillo Road to the Green's Lake road. The petition stated that the property owned by the petitioners was inaccessible without a road across the Game & Fish Commission property.
The county court appointed viewers who caused the roadway to be surveyed and who presented their estimate of damages. It was the opinion of the viewers that the appellant suffered damages in the amount of $2,727.00. The county court's order was appealed to the circuit court where the judgment was affirmed.
A more complete statement of the facts of this case may be found in Lindsey I. We briefly state that the Game & Fish Commission has held title to this property for some forty years. Over the years the site of this roadway has been utilized by various people, including the petitioners. There is no other feasible way to reach the appellee's property than across the roadway here in question. Lindsey I resulted from the blockading by the Game & Fish Commission of this same road after it had been improved by three of the appellees, who intended to sell lots on the edge of Lake Conway. The three appellees in Lindsey I are among the appellees in the present case.
The appellant's first argument is that the sovereign immunity of the state of Arkansas prohibits this action from being pursued against the state. Article 5, § 20 of the Constitution of the State of Arkansas provides:
The state of Arkansas shall never be made a defendant in any of her courts.
This section does not prohibit the state from waiving immunity or voluntarily entering its appearance. In Lindsey I the Commission voluntarily entered its appearance and sought affirmative relief. Having entered its appearance on this matter in the Faulkner County Chancery Court proceeding the Commission cannot at this time claim sovreign immunity. We held in Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. Parker, 248 Ark. 526, 453 S.W.2d 30 (1970), that the Game & Fish Commission was under no obligation to appear and defend a cause of action, but upon voluntarily doing so, it became bound by the decree of judgment like any other person.
Amendment 35 to the Constitution of the state of Arkansas grants to the Game & Fish Commission rather broad authority to manage lands and to regulate the preservation and harvesting of game and fish. However, the Commission cannot use its authority to deny the constitutional rights of others. This court has previously considered the possible conflict between Amendment 35 and article 2, § 22 of the Constitution. In Shellnut v. Arkansas State Game & Fish Commission, 222 Ark. 25, 258 S.W.2d 570 (1953), we held that the Commission could not promulgate a regulation which in effect took property (hunting rights) from the appellant in violation of the guarantee of property rights under article 2, § 22 of the Arkansas Constitution. Shellnut instituted a proceeding against the Game & Fish Commission in the Chancery Court of Pulaski County. The opinion stated: "Even though Constitutional Amendment No. 35 gives broad powers to the Commission, nevertheless, the Commission is subservient to, and bound by, Art. 2, § 22 of the Constitution...." The court stated that "[i]t is only necessary that there be such serious interruption of the common and necessary use of the property as to interfere with the rights of the owner."
A case closer to the one before us is that of Arkansas State Game & Fish Commission v. Eubank, 256 Ark. 930, 512 S.W.2d 540 (1974), where we stated:
First we observe that appellant is incorrect in its assertion that it cannot be the subject of a suit in our courts. A state agency may be enjoined in a suit in equity if it can be shown the pending action of the agency is ultra vires or without the authority of the agency.
The opinion further stated that an agency of the state can be enjoined when it is about to act in bad faith, arbitrarily, capriciously, and in a wantonly injurious manner.
The public had traveled across the lands here in question for many years before the Commission acquired title to the property. There is no indication that the Commission ever exercised exclusive control over this road until after the appellees had improved it in preparation for a business venture on their land. When the Commission erected a barricade, Lindsey and his business partners went to chancery court and obtained an injunction against the Commission from closing the road. This court reversed because we determined that a part of the road was not a public road. Lindsey and his associates, and the other appellees, proceeded in the county court to condemn a roadway across the Commission property. This action was the result of the Game & Fish Commission exercising dominion over...
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