Arnett v. Yeago

• Decision Date: 11 December 1957
• Docket Number: No. 607,607
• Citation: 247 N.C. 356,100 S.E.2d 855
• Parties: Bruce Randall ARNETT, by his Next Friend, Mrs. Arthur Arnett, Jr., v. Joe YEAGO and Lorraine Yeago.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court

Page 855

100 S.E.2d 855

247 N.C. 356

Bruce Randall ARNETT, by his Next Friend, Mrs. Arthur Arnett, Jr., v. Joe YEAGO and Lorraine Yeago.

No. 607

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Dec. 11, 1957

James R. Nance, Fayetteville, for defendants, appellants.

N. H. McGeachy, Jr., Fayetteville, for plaintiff, appellee.

PARKER, Justice.

The defendants have two assignments of error. The first is to the denial of their motion for judgment of nonsuit made at the close of plaintiff's evidence. The defendants offered no evidence. The second is formal: failure to set aside the verdict as being contrary to the law and the evidence, and the entry of the judgment.

The defendants are husband and wife. At the time in question the husband owned a 1951 Pontiac four-door sedan. Prior to the introduction of evidence, the defendants stipulated 'into the record judicially' that on 22 June 1955 Mrs. Lorraine Yeago, as a member of Joe Yeago's household, operated this automobile 'under what is known in North Carolina as the family car doctrine, and that as to the responsibility of her husband for its operation at the time in question, if she is liable, then he, the owner thereof, is likewise responsible under this doctrine.'

Mrs. Arthur Arnett, Jr. is the mother of Bruce Randall Arnett, who, on 22 June 1955, was living with his mother, and was three years old. On this date she lived at 1918 Cherokee Drive in the city of Fayetteville. Her home was situate on the north side of the street. Cherokee Drive is a wide paved street running east and west, and goes downhill east from the Arnett home to Mohawk Avenue, with a decline of about five feet for every one hundred feet of distance. Mrs. Arnett testified that Cherokee Drive goes 'downhill, with a drop of about 15 feet from the west side of my yard to where the car was stopped. ' Cherokee Drive has curbing on the north and south sides. Mrs. Arnett thus described the curbing: 'It is a little concrete dip. Instead of going up from the black part of the pavement, it goes down a little more, and then slopes up. ' Another witness, Mrs. Horace L. Whitley, gave this description: 'It is not such a curb as we have in front of the Courthouse; it is rounded up to it. * * * Automobiles roll and drive right across that, but it bumps because we go across one in our driveway. It is not such a curb as needed to be cut away to make the driveway, it is just a little decline and an incline up to the yard and the incline up to the yard is only a matter of inches.'

On this date there were seven houses on the north side of Cherokee Drive, and six on the south side. About fifteen young children lived in the neighborhood. Mrs. Lorraine Yeago and Mrs. Arthur Arnett, Jr. were friends, and Mrs. Yeago visited Mrs. Arnett in her home about twice a week. The defendants admitted in their answer that this was a thickly settled residential area, and that on this day, when Mrs. Yeago parked her automobile in front of the Arnett home, she saw Bruce Randall Arnett about his yard.

About 4:00 p. m. on 22 June 1955 Mrs. Lorraine Yeago drove this 1951 Pontiac automobile to the Arnett home, and parked it next to this home on the north side of Cherokee Drive, headed east and downhill. When Mrs. Yeago drove up, Mrs. Arnett with Bruce and a younger son, Barry, and her eight-year old niece, Shelia Susan Lott, were in a back yard across the street from her home. Mrs. Yeago and her daughter, Cathy, went to where Mrs. Arnett and the children were. In about twenty or thirty minutes all five of them went across the street to the Arnett premises. Cathy was crying to go home. Mrs. Arnett, Mrs. Yeago and Cathy went into the house, so that Mrs. Arnett could give Cathy a piece of cake she had baked. Bruce, Barry and Shelia Susan Lott were left outdoors.

This is the substance of Shelia Susan Lott's testimony: The car was headed downhill, and the left front door was open. She saw the car door was open as she came across the street from the back yard. Neither Bruce, nor Cathy, opened the door. Bruce couldn't reach the door and open it. He was little at that time, but he could climb up in an automobile, and he could climb up on a seat. The left front door was open, and Bruce was on the left side in the front seat. She saw Bruce playing with the gear shift. He had a hand on the gears. She saw him messing with the gear shift, and the car started rolling. The car did not start rolling until Bruce started fooling with it. She did not see Bruce get in the car. The car rolled three or four car lengths straight down the road, and then turned to the left, went across a yard, and a tree slapped the door on Bruce's hand. He started screaming, and then the car hit another tree, and stopped. At the time Shelia Susan Lott was eight years old.

When Mrs. Arnett had been in her house a minute or two, she went to the front door to look for the children outside. She saw the Yeago car moving straight down the hill. The left front door was open. Bruce was sitting under the steering wheel, with his feet hanging out the door. She started running after the car. It went straight down the street three or four car lengths and then turned into Mrs. Horace L. Whitley's yard, which is on the same side of Cherokee Drive as the Arnett home. The left front door hit a tree in the Whitley yard, which closed it on Bruce's hand. Bruce started screaming and crying. The car went on until the bumper hit another tree, which stopped it. Mrs. Arnett reached the car, and opened the door. Blood was pouring from Bruce's hand, and he was screaming and crying. He was immediately carried to a doctor, and then to Highsmith Hospital.

Mrs. Arnett testified as follows: 'Mrs. Yeago told me that she left the brake off the car; that she wished she had pulled it up but she put the gear shift in reverse; that the brake was hard to pull up and that was easier to do. She was referring to the emergency brake, and Mrs. Yeago has told me that on two or three occasions.'

The brakes on this 1951 Pontiac car are not locked in any gear except reverse. It will move in any other gear. The gear shift in reverse can be moved out of reverse by touching it with a finger. This car had an emergency brake, which can be pulled up, and let down.

Bruce had two operations on his left hand. Over half of his index finger had to be amputated. He has some permanent disability to digit No. 3. Bruce is left-handed. His left hand is his dominant hand, and Dr. John W. Balus, who was Bruce's doctor, testified his left hand will probably stay that way, and the injuries to his left hand will permanently effect the left hand and its use. Bruce was in the hospital from 22 June 1955 until 2 July 1955. He suffered pain from his injury. His hospital, medical and drug expenses amounted to $504.

Bruce Randall Arnett, a three-year old child, was incapable of negligence, primary or contributory. Campbell v. Model Steam Laundry, 190 N.C. 649, 130 S.E. 638; Bevan v. Carter, 210 N.C. 291, 186 S.E. 321; Kelly v. Hunsucker, 211 N.C. 153, 189 S.E. 664; Reid v. City Coach Co., 215 N.C. 469, 2 S.E.2d 578, 123 A.L.R. 140.

G.S. § 20-163 provides: 'No person having control or charge of a motor vehicle shall allow such vehicle to stand on any highway unattended without first effectively setting the brakes thereon and stopping the motor of said vehicle, and, when standing upon any grade, without turning the front wheels of such vehicle to the curb or side of the highway.'

G.S. § 20-124(b) reads: 'No person having control or charge of a motor vehicle shall allow such vehicle to stand on any highway unattended without first effectively setting the hand brake thereon, stopping the motor and turning the front wheels into the curb or side of the highway.'

A violation of the above two statutes is negligence per se, but such violation must be a proximate cause of the injury to be actionable. Tysinger v. Coble Dairy Products, 225 N.C. 717, 36 S.E.2d 246.

This Court said in Aldridge v. Hasty, 240 N.C. 353, 82 S.E.2d 331, 338: '* * when the plaintiff relies on the violation of a motor vehicle traffic regulation as the basis of his action that, unless otherwise provided in the statute, the common law rule of ordinary care does not apply. The statute prescribes the standard, and the standard fixed by the Legislature is absolute. 38 Am.Jur. 831, § 160. Proof of the breach of the statute is proof of negligence.'

Mrs. Yeago allowed this 1951 Pontiac four-door sedan to stand on Cherokee Drive in front of the Arnett home unattended without first effectively setting the brakes thereon,...