Atwood v. Hicks by Hicks

• Decision Date: 11 January 1989
• Docket Number: No. 58687,58687
• Citation: 538 So.2d 404
• Parties: Emmett Ray ATWOOD, Sr. v. Emile HICKS, A Minor, by Georgia HICKS, Next Friend.
• Court: Mississippi Supreme Court

Page 404

538 So.2d 404

Emmett Ray ATWOOD, Sr. v. Emile HICKS, A Minor, by Georgia HICKS, Next Friend.

No. 58687.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

Jan. 11, 1989.

Ellis B. Bodron, Way, Field & Bodron, Vicksburg, K. Hayes Callicutt, Cary E. Bufkin, Shell, Buford, Bufkin, Callicutt & Perry, Jackson, for appellant.

Halbert E. Dockins, Jr., Dockins & Wise, Sorie S. Tarawally, Jackson, for appellees.

Before DAN M. LEE, P.J., and ROBERTSON and PITTMAN, JJ.

ROBERTSON, Justice, for the Court:

I.

This case presents question, first, whether a claim made on behalf of a minor child against his putative father for paternity and for maintenance and support may with court approval be finally settled. We hold that it may. Second, under what circumstances, if any, may such a court approved settlement be reopened, long after the fact, to which we answer, only upon application to the court which approved the settlement followed by proof of fraud, sham, pretense or collusion in the procurement. We reverse and render.

II.

On November 18, 1976, Georgia A. Hicks ("Hicks"), an unmarried female, gave birth to a son, Joseph Emile Hicks ("Emile"). Slightly over eight months later--on August 1, 1977, to be specific--Hicks filed in the County Court of Warren County, Mississippi, a petition to determine paternity, naming Emmett Ray Atwood as defendant and alleging that Atwood was Emile's father. See Miss.Code Ann. Secs. 93-9-1, et seq. (1972, as amended). Hicks sought an order of filiation and a judgment that Atwood pay all medical expenses incident to the child's birth and make "periodic payments of support money for said minor child."

Several months thereafter Hicks and Atwood, both of whom were represented by counsel, negotiated a settlement of the pending suit. Pursuant thereto, Hicks petitioned the Chancery Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds County that she be appointed Emile's guardian. It appears that at the time both Hicks and Emile were residents of the First Judicial District of Hinds County. On December 5, 1977, the Chancery Court entered its decree appointing Hicks as Emile's guardian and letters of guardianship were issued to Hicks. Later that same day, Hicks filed in the Chancery Court a petition for authority to settle doubtful claim. Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 93-13-59 (1972). Hicks executed the petition in her capacity as Emile's mother and guardian, in her individual capacity, and as "next friend". The petition sought approval of a financial settlement whereunder Atwood would pay to Hicks the sum of $18,000.00 and be acquitted of further responsibility for Emile's support.

On the same day, the Chancery Court entered its decree approving the settlement. The Court recited that Atwood was willing to make the payment even though he

has denied that he is the father of the said child, and asserts that he has a good, sufficient and complete defense to the action.

The decree further recited that Atwood was a married man with a good reputation in the community and that he desired to resolve the matter short of "a public disposition". Of the $18,000.00 settlement amount, the Court authorized some $7,800.00 to be paid to Hicks individually as reimbursement for her expenses incident to the birth and support of the child to date. The Court then decided that $7,200.00 was to be paid to Hicks' attorneys for their services and that the remaining $3,000.00 be placed in the guardianship estate. The decree further recited that Hicks was

directed to execute any and all documents necessary to complete the compromise and complete release of the said Emmett Ray Atwood.

On December 7, 1977, the County Court of Warren County, Mississippi, entered its order dismissing Hicks' paternity action "with prejudice."

All of this is background to the present proceedings which were commenced on May 1, 1987, when Hicks, as Emile's next friend, filed in the Chancery Court of Warren County, Mississippi, a new complaint for paternity, child support and order of filiation. See Palmer v. Mangum, 338 So.2d 1002, 1003 (Miss.1976). Again Atwood was named as defendant. In due course, Atwood moved to dismiss citing, among other grounds, the 1977 settlement, which has been described above. On August 4, 1987, the Chancery Court of Warren County finally denied the motion to dismiss and on the same date denied Atwood's application for an interlocutory appeal.

Atwood promptly applied to this Court for leave to file an interlocutory appeal and for a stay of proceedings in the Chancery Court pending said appeal. Being of the view that such might materially advance the ultimate termination of this litigation, Kilgore v. Barnes, 490 So.2d 895, 896 (Miss.1986), we granted Atwood's interlocutory appeal by order entered August 26, 1987, and stayed all proceedings in the Chancery Court. ¹

III.

Atwood presents a number of issues on this interlocutory appeal. Whether and to what extent the 1977 court-approved settlement is enforceable are all we need consider.

Our law empowers guardians, acting with chancery court approval previously obtained, to "compromise claims due their wards." Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 93-13-59 (1972). In proceedings outlined above, Hicks, as Emile's guardian, sought and obtained approval of the Chancery Court of Hinds County for the $18,000.00 settlement of her claims for medical expenses incident to pregnancy and birth and for past and future support of the child Emile. We have examined these proceedings as they appear in the record and they are complete and regular on their face and, as such, entitled to the customary presumption of validity. See Bolls v. Sharkey, 226 So.2d 372, 376 (Miss.1969). If the settlement be valid and enforceable, of course, no subsequent action may be brought upon the claims so compromised.

Emile, who would now be some twelve years of age, mounts a number of attacks upon the 1977 settlement proceedings. First, he argues that claims for paternity and support may not be compromised, that, indeed, such would be contrary to public policy. The short answer is found in our Mississippi Uniform Law On Paternity where it is provided "that an agreement of settlement with the alleged father is binding only when approved by the court." Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 93-9-49 (1972). True, this statute would seem to contemplate "the court" being that in which the paternity action is pending. In this instance that would refer to the County Court of Warren County. As Atwood resided in Warren County, venue of the paternity action was proper there. See Metts v. State Department of Public Welfare, 430 So.2d 401, 405 (Miss.1983).

On the other hand, it would ordinarily be proper for the court in which the guardianship is pending and in which both guardian and ward reside to act upon a petition for approval of settlement of a doubtful claim. ² This is what was done here. If Atwood had any objection to venue, it was incumbent upon him to have said so long before now, for defects in venue are waived if not timely asserted. H & W Transfer & Cartage Service v. Griffin, 511 So.2d 895, 901 (Miss.1987); Educational Placement Services v. Wilson, 487 So.2d 1316, 1320 (Miss.1986); Wofford v. Cities Services Oil Co., 236 So.2d 743, 746 (Miss.1970). We have expressly held applicable in paternity actions the basic premise that venue may be waived. Belk v. State Department of Public Welfare, 473 So.2d 447, 451 (Miss.1985). Here Emile is the party questioning venue. Having, through his guardian, selected the venue for the settlement proceedings, he is estopped to complain.

Emile calls to our attention cases from this and other jurisdictions to the effect that parents cannot contract away rights vested in minor children. See Carlton v. Carlton, 485 So.2d 309, 310 (Miss.1986); and Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services v. Wyatt, 475 So.2d 1332, 1333 (Fla.App.1985). Certainly it is true that a parent acting extrajudicially cannot compromise a child's claim to support. But where, as here, chancery court approval was sought and obtained, the opposite result follows.

The premise is not new, as our law empowers parents acting with court approval to settle child support matters incident to divorce proceedings, Miss.Code Ann. Sec. 93-5-2 (Supp.1988), notwithstanding that the right to support belongs to the child. See Alexander v. Alexander, 494 So.2d 365, 367 (Miss.1986); Brand v. Brand, 482 So.2d 236, 238 (Miss.1986); Wilson v. Wilson, 464 So.2d 496, 498 (Miss.1985); and Trunzler v. Trunzler, 431 So.2d 1115, 1116 (Miss.1983).

Emile argues that our law authorizing guardians to settle doubtful claims of minors was enacted at a time when we had no statute on paternity. From this Emile concludes that Section 93-13-59 confers no authority to settle a doubtful claim of the sort here at issue. It is certainly true that Section 93-13-59 can be traced as far back as 1880. See Miss.Code Sec. 2110 (1880). Our Uniform Law on Paternity was not enacted until 1962. Miss.Laws, ch. 312 (1962). No doubt for the first eighty-two years of its life, the statute authorizing settlements of doubtful claims did not contemplate the support features of paternity claims. However accurate Emile's historical argument may be, we find nothing in the sort of claims authorized in our Mississippi Uniform Law on Paternity which would preclude their being so settled. Any argument that settlement of such claims is contrary to public policy is undercut by Section 93-9-49 authorizing settlements with court approval.

The procedure employed here was no different from that by which other doubtful claims of minors may be settled. Consider, for example, the personal injury claim asserted in a tort action brought in circuit court, perhaps in a county other than where the child resides because of venue rights of the defendant. Where a settlement is to be made before trial, our law requires that the parties retire to the chancery court of the minor's residence, establish a guardianship, and proceed...