Aubuchon v. Knauf Fiberglass Gmbh

• Citation: 359 F.3d 950
• Decision Date: 08 March 2004
• Docket Number: No. 03-1382.,03-1382.
• Parties: Steve AUBUCHON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KNAUF FIBERGLASS, GMBH, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

359 F.3d 950

Steve AUBUCHON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. KNAUF FIBERGLASS, GMBH, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 03-1382.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Argued October 20, 2003.

Decided March 8, 2004.

Kevin W. Betz (argued), Betz & Associates, Indianapolis, IN, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Kenneth J. Yerkes (argued), Barnes & Thornburg, Indianapolis, IN, for Defendant-Appellee.

Before POSNER, KANNE, and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.

POSNER, Circuit Judge.

Steve Aubuchon sued his former employer, Knauf Fiberglass, for violations of the Family and Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 2601 et seq., and he appeals from the grant of summary judgment in favor of Knauf. So far as bears on this case, the Act entitles an employee to twelve work weeks of leave without pay during any twelve-month period if he needs the leave in order to care for his spouse's "serious health condition." 29 U.S.C. § 2612(a)(1)(C). A "serious health condition" is sensibly defined in a regulation issued by the Department of Labor to include "any period of incapacity due to pregnancy, or for prenatal care." 29 C.F.R. § 825.114(a)(2)(ii); see Navarro v. Pfizer Corp., 261 F.3d 90, 95 (1st Cir.2001); Martyszenko v. Safeway, Inc., 120 F.3d 120, 122 (8th Cir.1997). If the need for the leave is foreseeable at least 30 days in advance, the employee must provide that much notice, 29 U.S.C. § 2612(e)(2)(B); 29 C.F.R. § 825.302(a), so that the employer can minimize the disruptive effect of an unscheduled leave on his business. But if, though the need is foreseeable, "30 days notice is not practicable, such as because of a lack of knowledge of approximately when leave will be required to begin, a change in circumstances, or a medical emergency, notice must be given as soon as practicable." 29 C.F.R. § 825.302(a). Similarly, in the case in which the need for the leave is not foreseeable at least 30 days in advance, notice must be given "as soon as practicable under the facts and circumstances of the particular case." 29 C.F.R. § 825.303(a).

It is important to note that if the required notice, whether 30 days or "as soon as practicable," is not given, the employer can deny leave even if the spouse does have a serious health condition. See Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp., 272 F.3d 1006, 1008-09 (7th Cir.2001); Bailey v. Amsted Industries Inc., 172 F.3d 1041, 1046 (8th Cir.1999); Brohm v. JH Properties, Inc., 149 F.3d 517, 523 (6th Cir.1998). Conditioning the right to take FMLA leave on the employee's giving the required notice to his employer is the quid pro quo for the employer's partial surrender of control over his work force. Employers do not like to give their employees unscheduled leave even if it is without pay, because it means shifting workers around to fill the temporary vacancy and then shifting them around again when the absentee returns. The requirement of notice reduces the burden on the employer.

Mrs. Aubuchon's predicted date of delivery was August 19, 2000. Her pregnancy thus far had been uneventful. A day or two before the nineteenth she went into labor but it proved to be a false alarm and she did not go into "real" labor until September 1. The baby was born the next day and mother and child left the hospital on the fourth. At argument Aubuchon's lawyer told us that Mrs. Aubuchon began to have contractions a month before her expected date of delivery, but there is no support for this in the record.

The plaintiff, Steve Aubuchon, first notified his employer orally that he wanted leave under the Family Medical Leave Act on August 21, shortly after the false labor. He did not give complications, false labor, or a serious health condition as a reason. He just said he wanted to stay home with his wife until she gave birth. Being pregnant, as distinct from being incapacitated because of pregnancy or experiencing complications of pregnancy that could include premature contractions which unless treated by drugs or bed rest might result in the premature birth of the baby, is not a serious health condition within the meaning of the statute or the applicable regulations. 29 C.F.R. §§ 825.112(c), 825.114(a)(2)(ii), (e) ("an employee who is pregnant may be unable to report to work because of severe morning sickness"); Navarro v. Pfizer Corp., supra, 261 F.3d at 95; Atchley v. Nordam Group, Inc., 180 F.3d 1143, 1150-51 (10th Cir.1999); Pendarvis v. Xerox Corp., 3 F.Supp.2d 53, 55-56 (D.D.C.1998); Gudenkauf v. Stauffer Communications, Inc., 922 F.Supp. 465, 474-76 (D.Kan. 1996). Wanting to stay home with one's wife until she has the baby, while understandable, is not the same thing as wanting to stay home to care for a spouse who has a serious health condition. 29 U.S.C. § 2612(a)(1)(C); 29 C.F.R. § 825.112(a)(3); Sahadi v. Per-Se Technologies, Inc., 280 F.Supp.2d 689, 698 (E.D.Mich.2003); Chenoweth v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 159 F.Supp.2d 1032, 1035, 1037-39 (S.D.Ohio 2001); see Caldwell v. Holland of Texas, Inc., 208 F.3d 671 (8th Cir.2000).

Maybe Mrs. Aubuchon did have a serious health condition connected with her false labor. The record contains a note from her doctor saying that she was experiencing "complications," although they are not explained — but the note was submitted to Knauf after Aubuchon's request for leave had been denied; and the employer has, as we said, a right to be notified of the existence of the serious health condition as soon as practicable. The requirement of notice is not satisfied by the employee's merely demanding leave. He must give the employer a reason to believe that he's entitled to it. Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp., supra, 272 F.3d at 1008; Stoops v. One Call Communications, Inc., 141 F.3d 309, 312-13 (7th Cir.1998); Satterfield v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 135 F.3d 973, 977 (5th Cir.1998). If you have brain cancer but just tell your employer that you have a headache, you have not given the notice that the Act requires.

On September 1, Aubuchon followed up his oral request for FMLA leave by giving his employer a filled-in form that the employer furnishes for requesting such leave. But neither in that form, nor in subsequent communications with his employer prior to September 4, when his request for FMLA leave was denied, did Aubuchon say that his wife was having complications. Meanwhile, he had not shown up for work since sometime before August 19, and his unexcused absence put him over the limit allowed to employees by Knauf's attendance policy and so Knauf fired him. Aubuchon's union grieved his discharge, and Knauf agreed to reinstate him without backpay, and this was done. But then the company discovered that Aubuchon had falsified his original employment application by failing to disclose that he had been fired by previous employers — for excessive absenteeism! — and so it fired him again, this time for keeps.

It wasn't until after he was fired the first time that Aubuchon produced the note from his wife's obstetrician saying that she had had complications in her pregnancy. That was too late, as we have said. Employees should not be encouraged to mousetrap their employers by requesting FMLA leave on patently insufficient grounds and then after the leave is denied obtaining a doctor's note that indicates that sufficient grounds existed, though they were never communicated to the employer.

Aubuchon claims that basing a request for FMLA leave on patently insufficient grounds should operate as a signal to the employer that the employee may not understand the contours of the duty of notice. The employee may think that if his wife is having a complicated pregnancy he has only to tell his employer that he needs to...