Baca v. People, 21947
| Citation | 160 Colo. 477,418 P.2d 182 |
| Decision Date | 15 September 1966 |
| Docket Number | No. 21947,21947 |
| Parties | Raymond Cruz BACA, Plaintiff in Error, v. The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Defendant in Error. |
| Court | Supreme Court of Colorado |
John R. Naylor, Pueblo, for plaintiff in error.
Duke W. Dunbar, Atty. Gen., Frank E. Hickey, Deputy Atty. Gen., Robert C. Miller, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for defendant in error.
On December 30, 1964, Raymond Cruz Baca was tried and convicted of possessing narcotic drugs, namely, cannabis and cannabis sativa L, more commonly known as marijuana, in violation of C.R.S. '53, 48--6--2 and C.R.S. '53, 48--6--20, as amended. He was sentenced to the Colorado State Penitentiary for a period of not less than three years nor more than eight years.
During the trial, counsel for the defendant moved to suppress certain evidence which consisted of a Salem cigarette package and four hand-rolled, brown cigarettes identified as containing marijuana. The motion was denied, and the matter was again raised in Baca's motion for a new trial. This motion was also denied. The sole question presented on this writ of error is whether the four marijuana cigarettes were the product of an unreasonable search and seizure thereby violating Baca's constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and under Article II, Section 7 of the Colorado constitution?
The defendant was arrested on a public street in Pueblo, Colorado, at approximately 1:00 A.M. on August 2, 1964, for being drunk in a public place and for indecent exposure, both of which offenses violated the Municipal Ordinances. He was searched briefly at that time by Police Officer D. A. Davenport, placed in the police car, and taken to the city police station. On arrival at the station Baca and the police officers proceeded to the jailer's office where the defendant's picture was taken and a more thorough search of his person was conducted by the jailer, Officer Jack E. Wiley. It was at this time that the cigarette package containing four marijuana cigarettes was found in a pocket of Baca's clothing. It is this second search, conducted by the jailer, to which the defendant objects as being unreasonable. He contends that it was exploratory and general in nature and too far removed in time and place to be an incident of his initial arrest. With this contention we do not agree.
In Colorado, it has been held that an officer conducting a reasonable search, either under a valid search warrant or incident to a valid arrest, who uncovers contraband or articles, the possession of which is a crime, may seize these articles even though they may not relate to the crime for which the arrest was made. An officer is not required to close his eyes or ignore the existence of such articles under the penalty that if he does seize them, they may not be admitted in evidence. See Casias v. People, Colo., 415 P.2d 344 (1966); Hernandez v. People, 153 Colo. 316, 385 P.2d 996 (1963). The fact that the articles discovered do not relate to the crime for which Baca was initially arrested does not render the search exploratory and general. See Harris v. United States, 331 U.S. 145, 67 S.Ct. 1098, 91 L.Ed. 1399 (1947).
Baca does not contend that the arrest in question was invalid; but rather, as previously stated, he does urge that the second search of his person at the jail was not incident to the arrest and therefore was unreasonable. In support of this contention he has cited several cases in which searches and seizures have been found unreasonable. In particular he relies on Preston v. United States, 376 U.S. 364, 84 S.Ct. 881, 11 L.Ed.2d 777 (1964). That case, however, involved a search, not of defendant's person, but of his car after he had been taken to the police station and the car had been taken to a garage. The court, in holding the search there to be unreasonable, said at page 368, 84 S.Ct. at page 883: 'At this point (after taking the defendant to the station) there was no danger that any of the men arrested could have used any weapons in the car or could have destroyed any evidence of a crime * * *.' (Part in parenthesis added.) The situation in Preston is entirely different from one that involves the search of an arrested person. In the...
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