Baker v. Tri-Mountain Resources, Inc.
| Decision Date | 22 March 1999 |
| Docket Number | TRI-MOUNTAIN,No. 20905-5-II,20905-5-II |
| Citation | 94 Wn.App. 849,973 P.2d 1078 |
| Court | Washington Court of Appeals |
| Parties | Tammy BAKER, a single woman; Virginia Breen, a widow, Appellants, v.RESOURCES, INC., a Washington corporation; Quay and Ardis Jorgensen, husband and wife, a marital community; and Lewis County, a municipal corporation, Respondents. |
Allen T. Miller, Connolly, Holm, Tacon & Meserve, Olympia, for Appellants.
Patrick Denis Brown, Seattle, Douglas Emry Jensen, Lewis County Deputy Pros. Atty, Mark Colman Scheibmeir, Hillier & Scheibmeir P.S., Chehalis, Janet Eileen Garrow, Cairncross & Hempelmann P.S., Bellevue, for Respondents.
Tammy Baker and Virginia Breen (Baker) opposed Tri-Mountain's proposed development on 12 acres of floodplain in Lewis County. Baker lost before the county commissioners, before the superior court and finally before this court. We awarded reasonable attorney's fees to Tri-Mountain, the Jorgensens, and Lewis County under RCW 4.84.370. Pursuant to our decision, a commissioner of this court awarded fees and costs of $6,690 to Lewis County and $29,950 to Tri-Mountain. The commissioner then remanded under RAP 7.2(d) 1 to the trial court to award fees incurred at that level. Baker moved to modify the commissioner's order and we granted the motion. Baker contends that RCW 4.84.370 authorizes fees incurred at the appellate court level only; Baker also challenges the amounts of the awards. We hold that RCW 4.84.370 allows an award of fees incurred at the appellate court level only; we also reduce the award of fees to Tri-Mountain to $11,210 and the award to Lewis County to $3,960.
RCW 4.84.370 provides:
(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs shall be awarded to the prevailing party or substantially prevailing party on appeal before the court of appeals or the supreme court of a decision by a county, city, or town to issue, condition, or deny a development permit involving a site-specific rezone, zoning, plat conditional use, variance, shoreline permit, building permit, site plan or similar land use approval or decision. The court shall aware and determine the amount of reasonable attorneys' fees and costs under this section if:
(a) The prevailing party on appeal was the prevailing or substantially prevailing party before the county, city, or town, or in a decision involving a substantial development permit under chapter 90.58 RCW, the prevailing party on appeal was the prevailing party or the substantially prevailing party before the shorelines[s] hearings board; and
(b) The prevailing party on appeal was the prevailing party or substantially prevailing party in all prior judicial proceedings.
(2) In addition to the prevailing party under subsection (1) of this section, the county, city, or town whose decision is on appeal is considered a prevailing party if its decision is upheld at superior court and on appeal.
(Emphasis added.)
The statute allows reasonable attorney's fees to a party who prevails or substantially prevails at the local government level, the superior court, and before the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court. The question is whether the italicized language allows fees incurred at the appellate court level only or also fees incurred before the trial court. Tri-Mountain argues that the phrase "on appeal before the court of appeals" modifies only the preceding phrase "the prevailing party or substantially prevailing party." Thus, according to Tri-Mountain, the phrase "reasonable attorneys' fees" is unmodified and refers back to fees incurred by the prevailing party at all levels. Baker argues that the phrase "on appeal before the court of appeals" modifies the fees and costs phrase and, thus, limits the fees to those incurred "before the court of appeals."
We find the statute ambiguous. If the phrase "on appeal before the court of appeals" modifies and defines only the prevailing party, the statute is redundant. "Prevailing party" is defined in both sections (1)(a) and (1)(b). And these definitions are made without reference to costs and attorney's fees. But the statute does not elsewhere define costs and attorney's fees. Thus, if the phrase "on appeal before the court of appeals" does not modify fees and costs, the statute nowhere tells us what the Legislature intended as to the scope of fees and costs to be awarded. It is unlikely that the Legislature intended to define "prevailing party" three times in the statute and yet provide no definition at all of what fees and costs are authorized by the statute. We conclude that the statute does not clearly state that fees and costs may be awarded for work done at the trial court or a lower level.
Where a statute is ambiguous, we look to the legislative history for legislative intent. State v. Bourne, 90 Wash.App. 963, 969-70, 954 P.2d 366 (1998) (citing Bellevue Fire Fighters Local 1604 v. City of Bellevue, 100 Wash.2d 748, 751, 675 P.2d 592 (1984)).
The legislative history suggests that the Legislature intended the statute to allow attorney's fees for work only at the appellate level. While Baker cites to a Senate Bill Report and a Fiscal Note that supports her position (discussed below), even more persuasive is the history of the bill as it moved through the Legislature.
RCW 4.84.370 was passed in 1995 as part of Engrossed Substitute House Bill (ESHB) No. 1724. This bill underwent several rewrites as it moved through the House and Senate. The bill was proposed in the House, and the initial version that was sent to the Senate stated, in relevant part:
New Section: Sec. 315 A new section is added to chapter 4.84 RCW to read as follows:
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs shall be awarded to the prevailing party or substantially prevailing party on appeal before the superior court, court of appeals, or the supreme court of a decision by a county, city, or town to issue, condition, or deny a development permit involving a site-specific rezone, zoning, plat, conditional use, variance, shoreline permit, building permit, site plan, or similar land use approval or decision.
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