Ballard v. United States

• Decision Date: 29 January 1968
• Docket Number: No. 24842.,24842.
• Parties: Herman Audie BALLARD, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

388 F.2d 607 (1968)

Herman Audie BALLARD, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.

No. 24842.

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

January 3, 1968.

As Revised January 29, 1968.

Herman Audie Ballard, pro se.

H. M. Ray, U. S. Atty., Oxford, Miss., for appellee.

Before RIVES, GOLDBERG and AINSWORTH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Following his pleas of guilty on May 14, 1965, Ballard received a four-year sentence for concealing a motor vehicle moving in interstate commerce, 18 U.S.C. § 2313, and a one year sentence for attempted jail break, 18 U.S.C. § 751, to run concurrently. Each of the two counts carried a five year and/or $5,000 maximum sentence with no minimum mandatory sentence.

Unable to post bond, Ballard had spent 187 days in jail prior to sentencing and he now asks credit for this time against the trial court's specific sentences. The statute giving credit for all time served prior to sentencing was enacted more than one year after Ballard was sentenced, became effective ninety days after enactment, and is applicable only to sentences imposed on or after the effective date.¹ Under the prior statute, the sentencing judge literally had no duty to give Ballard credit for his time spent in jail before sentencing.² However, three circuits, including our own, have interpreted the prior statute in light of constitutional due process and the evident intent of Congress and have required the crediting of prior time even when there was no minimum mandatory sentence. Bryans v. Blackwell, 5 Cir. 1967, 387 F.2d 764; Stapf v. United States, 1966, 125 U.S.App.D.C. 100, 367 F.2d 326; Dunn v. United States, 4 Cir. 1967, 376 F.2d 191. See also Walker v. United States, 5 Cir., 1968, 388 F.2d 605, decided this day.

Because Ballard's sentences were less than the statutory maximum, the following presumption, as stated in Stapf and quoted with approval in Bryans, is applicable:

"Whenever it is possible, as a matter of mechanical calculation, that credit could have been given, we will conclusively presume it was given."

Moreover, we find that the sentencing judge did in fact give consideration and credit to the time appellant spent in jail prior to his sentence. It was apparent to him and, he thought, apparent to others, from the extent of the sentence he handed down, that he had credited appellant with the 187 days spent in jail. We quote from the sentencing judge's memorandum opinion and order denying appellant's first request, by letter, for such credit:

"Thus it is apparent from a consideration of the maximum potential sentences that could have been imposed, ten years, and the sentences actually received, five years to be served over a four year period, that defendant did, in fact, receive credit for the jail time spent prior to service of these sentences."

Further, we quote from the sentencing judge's opinion in support of his denial of appellant's formal motion for jail time:

"Subsequently, the defendant filed a handwritten letter seeking credit for the time he spent in jail prior to his sentencing. Defendant relied upon 18 U.S.C. § 356 3568 as amended on 22 June, 1966, as authority for this request.

"On 21 March, 1967, this request was denied. The court stated in so denying

...