Barker v. Eckman

• Decision Date: 22 January 2004
• Docket Number: No. 01-01-00079-CV.,01-01-00079-CV.
• Citation: 213 S.W.3d 360
• Parties: Emzy T. BARKER, III and Ava Barker, d/b/a Brushy Creek Brahman Center and Brushy Creek Custom Sires, Appellants v. Walter W. ECKMAN, Individually and as Nominee and Trustee of The Eckman Family Trust; Eckman, Inc.; and Larry Eckman, Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

213 S.W.3d 360

Emzy T. BARKER, III and Ava Barker, d/b/a Brushy Creek Brahman Center and Brushy Creek Custom Sires, Appellants v. Walter W. ECKMAN, Individually and as Nominee and Trustee of The Eckman Family Trust; Eckman, Inc.; and Larry Eckman, Appellees.

No. 01-01-00079-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).

January 22, 2004.

Elaine A.G. Carlson, South Texas College of Law, Richard P. Hogan, Hogan, Dubose & Townsend, L.L.P., J. Brett Busby, Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw, LLP, Sean Gorman, Nathan Sommers Lippman, Kevin Dubose, Alexander Dubose Jones & Townsend, LLP, Houston, TX, for appellants.

Robert L. Ketchand, Boyer Ewing, Inc., Houston, TX, for appellees.

Panel consists of Chief Justice RADACK and Justices NUCHIA and HEDGES.^*

MEMORANDUM OPINION ON REHEARING

SHERRY RADACK, Chief Justice.

Appellants Emzy T. Barker, III and Ava Barker have filed a motion for rehearing and motion for en banc reconsideration. We grant their motion for rehearing, withdraw our January 23, 2003 opinion, vacate our January 23, 2003 judgment, and dismiss as moot the motion for en banc reconsideration. See Butler v. State, 6 S.W.3d 636, 637 n. 1 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. ref'd) (discussing treatment of motions for en banc consideration).

This appeal arises out of an agreement to store bull semen. Appellee Walter W. Eckman sued — both individually and on behalf of others — appellants Emzy T. Barker, III and Ava Barker, who do business under the names Brushy Creek Brahman Center and Brushy Creek Custom Sires. The Eckmans¹ sued for breach of contract, alleging that the Barkers made sales of semen without providing notice and payment and that the Barkers improperly charged them for storage.

The jury awarded the Eckmans $111,983.58 in damages and $222,000.00 in attorney's fees for the trial. The Barkers subsequently moved for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, claiming the four-year statute of limitations barred the Eckmans' claims for all but $16,180.14 in breach-of-contract damages. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 16.004(a)(3) (Vernon 2002) (four-year limitations period for debt), § 16.051 (Vernon 1997) (four-year residual limitations period). The Eckmans argued the lawsuit was timely filed under either the two- or four-year statute of limitations, because they claim a cause of action for bailment does not accrue until the bailor makes a demand on the bailee.² See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 16.003 (Vernon 2002) (two-year limitations period). The trial court denied the Barkers' motion and signed a final judgment on the jury's verdict.

The Barkers bring three issues on appeal: (1) the Eckmans' breach-of-contract claims are barred by limitations; (2) to the extent the Eckmans' claims are for conversion, attorney's fees are not recoverable; and (3) the $222,000.00 award of attorney's fees is not reasonably proportional to the Eckmans' remaining $16,180.14 in damages. We affirm in part and reverse and render in part.

Discussion

The parties disagree on the nature of the bailment between them and the cause of action for which the Eckmans' sued. We agree with the Barkers that the bailment between them and the Eckmans constitutes a contractual relationship. See Sanroc Co. Int'l v. Roadrunner Transp., Inc., 596 S.W.2d 320, 322 (Tex.Civ.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1980, no writ). We also agree that this bailment relationship does not create a special cause of action, but instead allows the bailors to chose specific relief for a breach of the bailment contract, e.g., an action for breach of contract or an action for conversion. See Int'l Freight Forwarding, Inc. v. Am. Flange, 993 S.W.2d 262, 269 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1999, no pet.). We also agree with the Barkers that the Eckmans elected to sue for breach of contract, rather than conversion.

In their appellants' brief, the Barkers contend it is undisputed that if the four-year statute of limitations applies, then all but $16,180.14 in breach-of-contract damages are barred. The Eckmans do not contradict this assertion regarding the facts in their original appellees' brief. Accordingly, we accept the Barkers' factual assertion that all but $16,180.14 in breach-of-contract damages are barred by the statute of limitations. See TEX.R.APP. P. 38.1(f).

We sustain issue one. In light of our disposition of issue one, we do not reach issue two.

In issue three, the Barkers contend that in reviewing the amount of the jury's $222,000.00 award of attorney's fees, this Court should consider only the $16,180.14 in breach-of-contract damages not barred by the statute of limitations, rather than the jury's award of $111,983.58. Comparing $220,000.00 to $16,180.14, the Barkers argue this almost fourteen-to-one ratio of attorney's fees to breach-of-contract damages is so disproportional that this Court should suggest a remittitur or grant a new trial.³

On rehearing, the Barkers frame their request that we suggest a remittitur or grant a new trial in terms of factual-sufficiency review. See Larson v. Cactus Utility Co., 730 S.W.2d 640, 641 (Tex.1987) (specifying factual-sufficiency review as standard when court of appeals orders remittitur). When reviewing a jury verdict to determine the factual sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must consider and weigh all the evidence and should set aside the judgment only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex.1986); In re King's Estate, 150 Tex. 662, 244 S.W.2d 660, 661 (1951); see also Pool v. Ford Motor Co., 715 S.W.2d 629, 635 (Tex.1986).

The trial court submitted, without objection, an attorney's-fees question to the jury, and the jury answered as follows:

What is a reasonable fee for the necessary services of the Eckmans' attorneys in this case, stated in dollars and cents?

Answer with an amount for each of the following:

a. For preparation and trial.

ANSWER: $222,000.00

b. For an appeal to the Court of Appeals.

ANSWER: $10,000.00

c. For making or responding to a Petition for Review to the Supreme Court of Texas.

ANSWER: $2,500.00

d. If Petition for Review is granted by the Supreme Court of Texas.

ANSWER: $10,000.00

Factors to be considered in determining the reasonableness of attorney's fees include:

a. the time and labor involved, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill required to perform the legal services properly;

b. the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services;

c. the amount of money involved in the case and the results obtained;

d. the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyers performing the services;

e. whether the fee is fixed or is contingent upon results obtained; and [sic]

f. the time limitations imposed by the client or the...