Barstad v. Murray County

• Decision Date: 26 August 2005
• Docket Number: No. 04-2707.,04-2707.
• Parties: Jeffrey BARSTAD, et al., Appellants, v. MURRAY COUNTY, et al., Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

420 F.3d 880

Jeffrey BARSTAD, et al., Appellants, v. MURRAY COUNTY, et al., Appellees.

No. 04-2707.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: May 9, 2005.

Filed: August 26, 2005.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Counsel who presented argument on behalf of the appellant was Gary Arthur Van Cleve of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Also appearing on the brief was Christopher J. Dietzen.

Counsel who presented argument on behalf of the appellee was Scott Thomas Anderson of Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Before BENTON, LAY, and FAGG, Circuit Judges.

BENTON, Circuit Judge.

Jeffrey D., Dianne L., and Jerome Barstad ("the Barstads") sued Karen Onken and Murray County ("the County"). The Barstads alleged a denial of equal protection, conspiracy to violate civil rights, and interference with prospective contracts, in violation of 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983, 1985(3), 1986, and state law. The district court¹ granted summary judgment to the County. The Barstads appeal. Jurisdiction being proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, this court affirms.

I.

The Barstads moved to amend the complaint on March 1, 2004, almost two months after the deadline in the amended-final-pretrial-scheduling order. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a). The County did not oppose the Barstads dropping all individual defendants — except Onken — but did object to adding new equal protection claims. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 21. The district court ruled that the Barstads did not show good cause for adding the new claims. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 16(b). The Barstads assert an abuse of discretion by the denial of the motion. See Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc., 401 U.S. 321, 330, 91 S.Ct. 795, 28 L.Ed.2d 77 (1971).

As good cause, the Barstads state they obtained new counsel, and the County did not comply with discovery requests, delaying depositions. The Barstads obtained new counsel in April 2003. The deadline for motions to amend the complaint was December 1, 2002, and for nondispositive motions was January 6, 2004. The district court properly decided that the Barstads' counsel had sufficient time (eight months) to request an amendment to the scheduling order. While the County did not timely comply with some discovery requests, the Barstads knew of the claims they sought to add when they filed the original complaint in July 2002. Also, the claims did not hinge on the concluding depositions. The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying leave to amend. See In re Milk Products Antitrust Litigation, 195 F.3d 430, 437-38 (8th Cir.1999).

II.

This court reviews de novo a grant of summary judgment, viewing all evidence and reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. See Walsh v. United States, 31 F.3d 696, 698 (8th Cir.1994). Summary judgment is appropriate only if there are no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). The district court should not grant summary judgment if a reasonable jury could find for the nonmoving party. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). This court may affirm summary judgment for any reason supported by the record, even if it differs from the rationale of the district court. See Brandt v. Davis, 191 F.3d 887, 891 (8th Cir.1999).

A.

Onken began working for the County in 1992, becoming zoning administrator in 2000. During this time, the Barstads owned five properties in the County: lot seven on Valhalla Island; Edgewater Bay Subdivision; Autumn Blaze Estates; Edgewater Bay Campground; and Shorewood Estates. The Barstads assert that they were denied equal protection of the law because Onken and the County denied them some Planned Unit Development (PUD) approvals and Conditional Use Permits (CUPs).

The Equal Protection Clause requires that the government treat all similarly situated people alike. See City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432, 439, 105 S.Ct. 3249, 87 L.Ed.2d 313 (1985). The Supreme Court recognizes an equal protection claim for discrimination against a "class of one." Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564, 120 S.Ct. 1073, 145 L.Ed.2d 1060 (2000). The purpose of a class-of-one claim is "to secure every person within the State's jurisdiction against intentional and arbitrary discrimination, whether occasioned by express terms of a statute or by its improper execution through duly constituted agents." Id. It is recognized law that a class-of-one claimant may prevail by showing "she has been intentionally treated differently from others similarly situated and that there is no rational basis for the difference in treatment." Id.; see also Costello v. Mitchell Public School Dist. 79, 266 F.3d 916, 921 (8th Cir.2001).

Identifying the disparity in treatment is especially important in class-of-one cases. See Jennings v. City of Stillwater, 383 F.3d 1199, 1213 (10th Cir.2004). The Barstads must establish that they were "`similarly situated' to other applicants for the license, permit, or other benefit being sought, particularly with respect to the same time period." Anderson v. Douglas County, 4 F.3d 574, 577 (8th Cir.1993). The district court determined that the Barstads failed to prove they were intentionally treated differently from other similarly situated landowners. This court agrees.

i.

In 1972, the County zoned Valhalla Island "commercial-recreational." In 1982, the Island was re-zoned (although the parties dispute the uses allowed). At any rate, several campgrounds and restaurants continued to operate there. In 1996, Onken notified the Barstads that their miniature golf course may violate the zoning ordinance. The Island was again re-zoned, permitting the Barstads to keep the course without applying for a CUP. The Barstads allege intentionally different treatment, but offer no supporting evidence. At best the Barstads point to a public hearing, which Jeffrey Barstad attended, where the zoning commission discussed a public apology to Island landowners for the zoning confusion. Though the Barstads had received a notice, the commission was concerned for all landowners. The Barstads do not show they were treated differently from other Valhalla landowners.

The Barstads also assert that on the same Island, the County treated them differently regarding the conversion of a duplex into a motel. This claim is made only in the motion to amend, which was denied; thus, it is not before this court.

ii.

Before the Barstads could develop Autumn Blaze Estates into a residential subdivision, the County required that they obtain a feedlot variance and (on the recommendation of the County engineer) dedicate a strip of land for road expansion and a bike path. The Barstads complain that the County did not require any other subdivision developer to get such a variance or dedicate land for similar purposes.

The Barstads fail to show they were intentionally treated differently from a similarly situated developer. First, all developers must obtain a variance when a feedlot has operated five years before, and within one mile of, a residential development. See Minn. R. 7020.0350, sub. 1. The Barstads do not identify a developer within one mile of a feedlot who was not required to get a variance. Additionally, developers in the County regularly must dedicate land for road expansions. Although the County has (apparently) not actually constructed the bike path, the Barstads must demonstrate that the County intentionally failed to take land for a bike path in a similar development. The Barstads never identified such a similar property. See Bituminous Materials, Inc. v. Rice County, Minn., 126 F.3d 1068, 1071-72 (8th Cir.1997). They do not show they were intentionally treated differently from other similar landowners, as to Autumn Blaze Estates.

iii.

In 1991, the County approved the Barstads' preliminary and final plats for construction at Edgewater Bay Subdivision. They began selling lots. The County later stated it would not issue building permits until the Barstads installed a cluster septic system, or raised the land above the flood plain. (Of the 30 lots in the Subdivision, 14 were below the flood plain.) The County did not believe that a standard septic system could support the lots due to the low flood plain. A cluster system requires a drainage field, the size of which depends on the number of houses using the system.

The County required 1,500 square feet for the drainage field at the Subdivision. Anticipating additional development, the Barstads' contractor installed a 3,000-square-feet system — without recording the system, or obtaining County approval. In 2001, the Barstads sought a permit to build more houses, which the County rejected believing that the drainage field was the original size of 1,500 square feet. By an inspection, the County discovered the 3,000-square-feet system. The County then permitted construction without requiring additional fields.

The County also denied the building permits due to flood elevation concerns. In 1999, the Barstads had hired a local surveyor to measure hub elevations, but in 2001, he could not remember the sites where he measured the elevations. Before issuing building permits, the County hired the same surveyor to re-measure the elevations.

The Barstads received a CUP for campers on three lots at the Subdivision. They planted grass and trees, dug two wells, and installed electrical services. A County zoning official — not Onken — thought there was not enough activity and suggested the County revoke the CUP. Onken signed and sent a letter to the Barstads revoking the CUP, but the County Attorney re-instated it after determining there was sufficient activity.

The Barstads argue they were the only landowners required to install a cluster system, that they were wrongfully denied construction permits, and that the County wrongfully...