Bartlam v. Tikka, A7906-02690

• Decision Date: 12 March 1981
• Docket Number: No. A7906-02690,A7906-02690
• Citation: 622 P.2d 1133,50 Or.App. 217
• Parties: Marion E. BARTLAM, Respondent, v. Howard E. TIKKA and H. M. Roger E. Neale, Appellants. ; CA 17278.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

Page 1133

622 P.2d 1133

50 Or.App. 217

Marion E. BARTLAM, Respondent, v. Howard E. TIKKA and H. M. Roger E. Neale, Appellants.

No. A7906-02690; CA 17278.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted Dec. 9, 1980.

Decided Feb. 3, 1981.

Reconsideration Denied March 12, 1981.

Ridgway K. Foley, Jr., Portland, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the briefs were Katherine H. O'Neil and Schwabe, Williamson, Wyatt, Moore & Roberts, Portland.

Frank M. Parisi, Portland, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Robert J. Vanden Bos and Spears, Lubersky, Campbell & Bledsoe, Portland.

Before RICHARDSON, P. J., and THORNTON and BUTTLER, JJ.

BUTTLER, Judge.

In this action on a promissory note, defendants appeal the trial court's granting of plaintiff's motion for summary judgment, contending (1) that the contract to which the promissory note is subject is ambiguous and what the parties intended is a material issue of fact, and (2) even if not ambiguous, the contract does not express the intention of the parties and should be reformed. We affirm.

The underlying facts are uncontroverted. On December 22, 1976, defendants executed a contract for the purchase of all of the stock of Oregon Marine Supply Co.; plaintiff was one of the selling shareholders. On the same date, as part of that transaction, defendants executed a promissory note for $2,500 payable to plaintiff, which, by its terms, was made "subject to the terms and conditions" of the contract, Section 7 of which provided the exclusive remedy to defendants for breach of certain representations or warranties set forth in Section 5 of the agreement. Section 7 provided, in part:

"7. Remedies

"In the event any of the representations and warranties of Corporation set forth in Section 5 shall not be true in all material respects and Buyers shall give Shareholders written notice thereof on or before December 31, 1977, then Shareholders shall cancel and deliver to Buyers the promissory notes set forth in Section 1 above and Buyers shall assign and deliver to each respective Shareholder, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances, all shares of common stock, and the products and proceeds of such stock, sold to Buyers under the terms of Section 1 hereof and Buyers and Shareholders shall have no further obligations with respect to the sale of such stock as provided herein. * * *

On December 31, 1977, defendants sent by certified mail a letter seeking to invoke the remedies provided by Section 7 on the ground that there had been certain misrepresentations and breaches of warranties. Plaintiff received the letter on January 2, 1978.

On September 28, 1978, plaintiff made a written demand upon defendants for payment of the promissory note and, when defendants refused to pay, filed this action to effect collection. By amended answer and counterclaim, defendants (1) alleged that their letter mailed December 31, 1977, revoked the agreement and thereby cancelled the note and, (2) asserted a counterclaim for reformation of the agreement on the ground that the agreement does not correctly reflect the intention of the parties in that Section 14 thereof was intended to apply to notices given by them as well as the corporation and its shareholders.

Plaintiff had filed a motion for summary judgment prior to the filing of the amended answer and counterclaim, contending that she was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. In a supporting affidavit, plaintiff asserted that she had not received defendants' written notice by December 31, 1977, as required by Section 7 of the agreement, from which fact it was argued that the attempt by defendants to exercise their remedy under that provision was ineffective.

Defendants' opposing affidavits do not dispute the fact that their notice was not received by plaintiff on December 31; rather, they assert that the parties intended that the provisions of Section 14 apply to any notice given by any of the parties. That section provides, in part:

"14. Notice

"All notices, requests, demands and other communications given by Corporation or any selling Shareholders shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been totally given if delivered personally or sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, to the following address:

" * * * * * (Addresses omitted.)" (Emphasis supplied.)

If that provision applies to the notice required by Section 7, defendants' notice was timely.

Defendants first contend that the contract is ambiguous and should be construed to reflect the intention of the parties. Second, they contend that if it is not ambiguous, it should be reformed. Whether a contract is ambiguous is a question of law for the court; if the court determines that it is ambiguous, evidence tending to show the intention of the parties is admissible, leaving the intended meaning of the ambiguous terms to the trier of fact. Chambers v. School Dist. No. 40, 22 Or.App. 463, 466, 540 P.2d 1026 rev. den. (1975). Ambiguity is the effect of words that have either no definite sense or have more than one, causing the meaning of the writing to be "not so clear as to preclude doubt by a reasonable man of its meaning." Chambers v. School District No. 40, supra; May v. Chicago Insurance Co., 260 Or. 285, 293, 490 P.2d 150 (1971) (quoting 4 Williston, Contracts, §§ 649, 652, 660-63 (3d ed. 1961).

In support of their contention, defendants...