Bd. OF Educ. OF CITY OF LAS VEGAS v. BOARMAN
Decision Date | 24 November 1948 |
Docket Number | No. 5124,5124 |
Citation | 52 N.M. 382,199 P.2d 998 |
Parties | BOARD OF EDUCATION OF CITY OF LAS VEGAS v. BOARMAN. |
Court | New Mexico Supreme Court |
Noble & Spiess, of Las Vegas, for appellant.
E. R. Cooper, of Las Vegas, and M. A. Otero, of Santa Fe, for appellee.
The defendant and appellee was employed as a teacher in the schools of the City of Las Vegas from 1925 to 1941 when she resigned. She was again employed by the plaintiff and appellant as such teacher in September, 1945, and continued in such employment until she was discharged in May, 1947, following notification before the close of school by the school board that it did not desire her services for the ensuing year. We will refer to the parties as they appeared in the trial court.
The defendant claimed that she had acquired tenure as a teacher by reason of her services from 1925 to 1941 and demanded a hearing before the plaintiff board. This demand was refused, whereupon she appealed to the State Board of Education, which conducted a hearing on June 2, 1947, and held that the defendant did have permanent tenure under the New Mexico permanent tenure law, and directed that the plaintiff grant her a hearing.
Thereupon the plaintiff school board filed its complaint seeking a declaratory judgment. After generally reciting the facts, the complaint states:
As the defendant was not reemployed until in September, 1945, her status is governed by Chapter 125, Laws of 1945, the material portion of which reads:
At the time the defendant left the service of the plaintiff in 1941 her rights with respect to the renewal of her teaching contract were contained in Chapter 202, Laws of 1941, under which the right to discontinue her services at the end of a school year regardless of the length of her service, was vested in the plaintiff, subject only to the serving of a notice on or before the closing day of school that her services would be terminated.
Many states have passed teacher tenure statutes and most of them provide that prior service in the district for the number of years fixed as the probationary period gives a teacher tenure, but it will be noted that our statute is silent on this point. A correct determination of the issues involved here depends on whether the applicable statute is prospective only or retroactive as well in its effect.
The general rule respecting the operation of statutes was stated by this court in Gallegos v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co., 28 N.M. 472, 214 P. 579, 582, as follows:
See also Wilson v. New Mexico Lumber & Timber Co., 42 N.M. 438, 81 P.2d 61 and Fulghum v. Madrid, 33 N.M. 303, 265 P. 454.
Montana and California have tenure statutes very much, in legal effect, like our own. In Falligan v. School District, 54 Mont. 177, 169 P. 803, the syllabus states the gist of the opinion and is as follows:
'Laws 1913, c. 76, subc. 8, § 801, providing that after election of any teacher for the second consecutive year such teacher shall be beemed re-elected from year to year unless given notice before the 1st day of May that services will not be required for the ensuing year, does not apply, as regards election for third year, where the act was passed after teacher's election for second year, though before May 1st of that year; as a retroactive effect is not to be given to a statute unless commanded by its context, terms, or manifest purpose.'
The material part of the California statute, School Code, Sec. 5.500 reads as follows:
'Every employee of a school district of any type or class, who after having beenemployed by the district for three complete consecutive school years in a...
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