Behar v. Patrick

• Decision Date: 15 October 1984
• Docket Number: No. 07-83-0120-CV,07-83-0120-CV
• Citation: 680 S.W.2d 36
• Parties: Carmel BEHAR, Appellant, v. Lewayne PATRICK, et al., Appellees.
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 36

680 S.W.2d 36

Carmel BEHAR, Appellant, v. Lewayne PATRICK, et al., Appellees.

No. 07-83-0120-CV.

Court of Appeals of Texas,

Amarillo.

Oct. 15, 1984.

J. David Nelson, Nelson & Nelson, Lubbock, for appellant.

J.R. Hollingsworth, Holland & Hollingsworth, Amarillo, for appellees.

Before REYNOLDS, C.J., and DODSON and BOYD, JJ.

BOYD, Justice.

In this writ of error proceeding, appellant Carmel Behar attacks a default judgment entered in favor of appellees Lewayne Patrick, et al. The judgment is for damages resulting from an automobile collision which occurred in Randall County. We reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for new trial.

The automobile collision out of which this proceeding arises occurred on or about July 7, 1982, in Amarillo. Appellant drove one of the automobiles and the other was driven by appellee Lewayne Patrick. Lewayne's wife Malinda and his minor son Jason were passengers in the automobile driven by him. Appellees filed suit against appellant on August 6, 1982. In the plaintiff's original petition, appellant's place of residence was alleged as 108-10 65th Avenue East 6F, Forest Hills, New York, Queens, 11375. The record does not show the source of this address.

Nonresident citation directed to appellant at the above address was mailed by the District Clerk in an envelope addressed to "Sheriff of Quens [sic ] County, Quens [sic ] County Courthouse, Queens, New York, 11375." On the envelope, near the address, appears a stamp, apparently placed thereon by the post office, which states "returned to sender, no such number." There is also a second envelope, addressed directly to appellant at the address as alleged by appellees. This envelope was marked certified mail, "return receipt requested, addressee only." It contains a postage meter stamp which shows it was mailed on August 12, 1982, but it was later returned marked "unclaimed."

Appellees then filed their first amended petition in which they asked for substitute service upon the Chairman of the State Highway Commission, as authorized by Tex.Rev.Civ.Stat.Ann. art. 2039a (Vernon 1964). Service was made upon this Chairman on September 20, 1982. On November 3, 1982, after a brief bench trial, default judgment in the amount of $35,904.48 was rendered in favor of appellees Lewayne and Malinda. The testimony of Lewayne and Malinda was the only testimony produced at the trial.

In this proceeding, appellant raises three points of asserted error. In the first point, he asserts the trial court never obtained jurisdiction over him because he was never properly served with citation. In the second point, he argues the trial court erred in "failing to allow and provide in its judgment for the minor plaintiff and his claims for damages." In the third point, he asserts that no legally or factually sufficient evidence supports the recovery by appellees.

Because it is dispositive of the appeal, we will first consider appellant's third point. It is axiomatic that, in deciding a claim of legal insufficiency of the evidence, this Court must consider only the evidence and the inferences tending to support the finding and disregard all evidence and inferences to the contrary. An allegation of factual insufficiency requires this Court to consider all of the evidence in order to determine if the evidence supporting the finding is so weak or the evidence to the contrary so overwhelming that the finding should be set aside and a new trial ordered. Garza v. Alviar, 395 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex.1965). See Calvert, "No Evidence" and "Insufficient Evidence" Points of Error, 38 Texas L.Rev. 361 (1960).

Appellees point out that in this type of proceeding, the question to be decided is whether there is an error apparent on the face of the record which would vitiate the trial court's judgment. See McKanna v. Edgar, 388 S.W.2d 927, 928 (Tex.1965); Gianelle v. Morgan, 514 S.W.2d 133, 134 (Tex.Civ.App.--Texarkana 1974, no writ). They say that "the record" in this sense does not include the statement of facts and that disposition of this point would, of necessity, entail a review of the statement of facts. This, they argue, cannot be done in a proceeding such as this. We disagree.

A petition for writ of error is a direct attack on the judgment and prevents this Court from indulging presumptions in support of the judgment. McKanna v. Edgar, 388 S.W.2d at 928-29. Such a proceeding is but another method of appeal. Smith v. Smith, 544 S.W.2d 121, 122 (Tex.1976). It brings the entire case before the appellate court for review of all rulings of the trial court properly assigned as error. Ward v. Scarborough, 236 S.W. 441, 444 (Tex.Comm'n App.1922, judgmt adopted); Spears v. Brown, 567 S.W.2d 544, 545 (Tex.Civ.App.1978, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Middlemas v. Wright, 493 S.W.2d 282, 284 (Tex.Civ.App.--El Paso 1973, no writ). Therefore, in this type of proceeding review is not limited to a search for fundamental error but an appellant is entitled to the same scope of review as on appeal. Gunn v. Cavanaugh, 391 S.W.2d 723, 724 (Tex.1965); Wall v. Wall, 630 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Tex.Civ.App.--Fort Worth 1982, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Indeed, our Supreme Court has specifically held in a writ of error proceeding such as this that if a litigant cannot procure a statement of facts after exercise of due diligence, his right to have the case reviewed will be preserved by a reversal and remand for new trial. Rogers v. Rogers, 561 S.W.2d 172, 173-74 (Tex.1978); Smith v. Smith, 544 S.W.2d at 123.

The teaching of these cases is that in a writ of error proceeding where a specific attack is made upon the legal or factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court's determination of damages in a default judgment, the appellant is entitled to a review of the evidence produced, which inevitably requires an examination of the statement of facts. See Tankard-Smith, Inc. Gen. Contrac. v. Thursby, 663 S.W.2d 473, 477 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1983, writ dism'd); Roe v. Doe, 607 S.W.2d 602, 603 (Tex.Civ.App.--Eastland 1980, no writ); Looney v. Kribbs, 588 S.W.2d 678, 680 (Tex.Civ.App.--Tyler 1979, no writ); Bavarian Autohaus, Inc. v. Holland, 570 S.W.2d 110, 114 (Tex.Civ.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1978, no writ).

In support of their proposition that the statement of facts cannot be reviewed by us, appellants cite the holdings of the courts in Vaughan v. Renshaw, 411 S.W.2d 57 (Tex.Civ.App.--Waco 1967, writ dism'd) and Gourmet, Inc. v. Hurley, 552 S.W.2d 509 (Tex.Civ.App.--Dallas 1977, no writ). We think these cases are distinguishable.

In Vaughn the question presented to the court was whether a minor defendant without a guardian, and for whom no guardian ad litem was appointed, was entitled to reversal of a judgment against her. In considering that question, the court was confronted with the general rule that when it appears "upon the face of the record" that judgment against a minor has been rendered without the appointment of a guardian, reversible error exists. Vaughn v. Renshaw, 411 S.W.2d at 58. That question was not raised prior to trial by verified plea as required by Tex.R.Civ.P. 93. That rule required the presentation of such a verified plea "unless the truth of such matters appear of record." Although no such plea was filed, the minor testified upon trial that she was underage.

In holding that by failing to file the plea of minority, the minor waived her right to complain, the court held that the term "of record" as used in the rule did not include the statement of facts, the only source of ascertaining the minority of the defendant. In support of that holding the court cited such cases as Lewis v. Lewis, 125 S.W.2d 375 (Tex.Civ.App.--Fort Worth 1939, writ ref'd), and Hamm v. Hamm, 159 S.W.2d 183 (Tex.Civ.App.--Fort Worth 1942, no writ) which enunciate that rule in the context of a search for fundamental error.

In Gourmet, Inc. the court was presented with a question as to the sufficiency of substituted service of a foreign corporation under Tex.Rev.Civ.Stat.Ann. art. 2031(b) (Vernon 1964). The holding was that the service was ineffective because the only petition actually served did not allege the facts which authorized service upon the Secretary of State under that article. That decision was made even though an amended petition was filed prior to the taking of the default judgment and sufficient evidence was taken at the default judgment hearing to establish the necessary jurisdictional facts. En route to that decision, the court had to consider the statement of the Supreme Court in McKanna v. Edgar, 388 S.W.2d at 930, that jurisdiction must affirmatively appear on "the face of the record." The decision as to whether the served pleading was sufficient to give a defendant fair notice of the jurisdictional facts upon which the plaintiff would rely was one which of necessity must have been made from the pleading itself. Therefore, the court correctly held in the context of the problem presented that the "face of the record" would include only papers shown in the transcript not including the statement of facts.

The holdings in both of these cases must be considered in the light of the questions therein presented and cannot be considered as authority for the proposition that, in a...