Birch v. Williams
| Decision Date | 04 May 2004 |
| Docket Number | (AC 24005) |
| Citation | 846 A.2d 905,82 Conn. App. 728 |
| Court | Connecticut Court of Appeals |
| Parties | YVONNE BIRCH v. MARK WILLIAMS |
Foti, Flynn and Bishop, Js.
Neil Johnson, for the appellant (plaintiff).
Jon L. Schoenhorn, with whom, on the brief, was Matthew D. Dwyer, for the appellee (defendant).
In this breach of contract and negligence action, the plaintiff, Yvonne Birch, appeals from the judgment of the trial court rendered in favor of the defendant, Mark Williams, in accordance with the findings of a fact finder to whom the matter had been referred. The plaintiff claims that the fact finder incorrectly allowed the defendant to testify in contradiction of judicial admissions that were made in his answer to the complaint and, therefore, the rendering of judgment by the court in accordance with the report was an abuse of discretion. After reviewing the file, we conclude that there was a significant procedural defect in the proceedings that undermines the integrity of the judgment. Consequently, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the case for a new trial due to plain error, without reaching the issue initially raised on appeal.1
The following facts and procedural history are relevant to our disposition of the plaintiffs appeal. On July 16, 2002, the plaintiff filed a two count complaint, alleging in the first count that the defendant had breached an oral contract to repair the transmission in her 1986 Chevrolet Monte Carlo and in the second count that the defendant negligently had repaired the transmission. The defendant, who appeared pro se, filed an answer in which he admitted that he had repaired the transmission defectively after having kept the car for approximately one year.
On November 14, 2002, the court, Hon. William R. Shaughnessy, Jr., judge trial referee, conducted a pretrial conference on the record. A transcript of the event discloses that Judge Shaughnessy indicated to the parties that if the case could not be settled on that date, it would be scheduled for another day and that if the parties could not reach a settlement in the morning, it would be heard by an attorney trial referee at 2 p.m. on the same day. Notwithstanding Judge Shaughnessy's stated intention to refer the matter to an attorney trial referee, the record plainly indicates that the matter was heard, instead, by a fact finder. The transcript of the contested hearing on January 23, 2003, indicates that it was held before Mark A. Dubois, fact finder. The report issued by Dubois was captioned "fact finder's report" and was signed by "Mark A. Dubois, fact finder." The plaintiffs objection to the report was filed in accordance with Practice Book § 23-57, which governs fact finders. The trial court file indicates that when judgment was rendered on February 17, 2003, the court noted, "judgment is entered in accordance with the findings of the fact finder. . . ." Finally, the court file reflects that when coding the case, the clerk's office noted that judgment had been entered after findings by a fact finder.2 It is clear, therefore, that the case was referred to and heard by a fact finder, and not by an attorney trial referee.
The referral to a fact finder gives rise to a fatal defect in the judgment. Pursuant to our rules of practice and relevant statutes, fact finders and attorney trial referees are governed by different authorities. See Rostenberg-Doern Co. v. Weiner, 17 Conn. App. 294, 298, 552 A.2d 827 (1989) (). Practice Book § 23-53 provides in relevant part that "the court, on its own motion, may refer to a fact finder any contract action pending in the superior court ... in which money damages only are claimed, which is based upon an express or implied promise to pay a definite sum, and in which the amount, legal interest or property in controversy is less than $50,000, exclusive of interest and costs. . . ." (Emphasis added.)3 We note that there is no provision in our statutes or rules of practice for the referral of a noncontract action to a fact finder. The provision in our rules of practice relating to attorney trial referees, however, permits the court to refer any civil nonjury matter to an attorney trial referee with the consent of the parties. See Practice Book § 19-2A.4
The defendant argues, nevertheless, that under our holding in Beizer v. Goepfert, 28 Conn. App. 693, 613 A.2d 1336, cert. denied, 224 Conn. 901, 615 A.2d 1044 (1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 973, 113 S. Ct. 1416, 122 L. Ed. 2d 786 (1993), an objection to an improper referral to a fact finder may be waived. To the contrary, an improper referral of a negligence claim to a fact finder cannot be waived. See McKeever v. von Reiter, 15 Conn. App. 194, 196, 544 A.2d 242 (1988).
The defendant's reliance on Beizer is misplaced because Beizer did not involve the referral of a negligence claim to a fact finder. In Beizer, we found that a complaint that included a claim for tortious interference with a contract was, nevertheless, founded in contract because the tortious interference claim was an integral part of the contract claim. We reasoned that even though the tortious interference claim sounded in negligence, it was intertwined sufficiently with the plaintiffs contract claim to be viewed fairly as a contract claim. Thus, we concluded, the matter had been referred properly to a fact finder as a contract action. Beizer v. Goepfert, supra, 28 Conn. App. 700-703.
Accordingly, because Beizer did not involve two freestanding claims, one in contract and the other in tort, the fact finder's jurisdiction was not implicated. Unlike Beizer, however, this case does involve two freestanding claims, one in contract and another in tort. Our response, therefore, is governed by our holding in McKeever v. von Reiter, supra, 15 Conn. App. 194.
In McKeever, we held that because a fact finder does not have jurisdiction to hear negligence actions, the court cannot render judgment in a negligence action pursuant to a fact finder's report. Id., 196. As in McKeever, the underlying...
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