Blankenship v. Gunter

• Decision Date: 13 March 1990
• Docket Number: Nos. 89-1226,89-1445,s. 89-1226
• Citation: 898 F.2d 625
• Parties: Gary L. BLANKENSHIP, Appellant, Richard L. Campbell, v. Frank O. GUNTER, Director, Nebraska Department of Correctional Services; Harold W. Clarke, Warden, Nebraska State Penitentiary; Mario Peart, Associate Warden, Nebraska State Penitentiary, in their individual and official capacities, Appellees. Roy K. LYMAN, Appellant, v. Bob BENSON (U S II), John Eggers (U # 4Mgr.), Harold Clarke (Warden), Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 625

898 F.2d 625

Gary L. BLANKENSHIP, Appellant, Richard L. Campbell, v. Frank O. GUNTER, Director, Nebraska Department of

Correctional Services; Harold W. Clarke, Warden, Nebraska

State Penitentiary; Mario Peart, Associate Warden, Nebraska

State Penitentiary, in their individual and official

capacities, Appellees.

Roy K. LYMAN, Appellant, v. Bob BENSON (U S II), John Eggers (U # 4Mgr.), Harold Clarke

(Warden), Appellees.

Nos. 89-1226, 89-1445.

United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.

Submitted Dec. 12, 1989.

Decided March 13, 1990.

Gary L. Blankenship, pro se.

Robert R. Otte, Lincoln, Neb. (Court-appointed), for appellant.

Yvonne E. Gates, Lincoln, Neb., for appellees.

Before FAGG, Circuit Judge, HEANEY and BRIGHT, Senior Circuit Judges.

BRIGHT, Senior Circuit Judge.

In this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 (1982), Gary L. Blankenship, an inmate at the Nebraska State Penitentiary, challenges a prison regulation that prohibits inmates from using monies in their Inmate Trust Fund accounts for religious donations. The district court ¹ granted summary judgment in favor of defendants Frank O. Gunter, Director of the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services, and two officials of the Nebraska State Penitentiary. Blankenship v. Gunter, 707 F.Supp. 1137 (D.Neb.1988).

In a separate action challenging the same regulation, inmate Roy K. Lyman appeals an unpublished district court order dismissing his complaint against Unit Supervisor Bob Benson and other officials of the Nebraska State Penitentiary for failure to state a claim. On appeal, both Blankenship and Lyman contend that the prison authorities unreasonably restricted their right to free exercise of religion. ² We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

In November 1987, inmate Gary Blankenship submitted a request to send $12.00 from his prison-sponsored savings account, the Inmate Trust Fund, to a church pastor in Omaha, Nebraska. Prison authorities denied Blankenship's request relying on a recent, unreported decision of the state district court for Lancaster County, Nebraska. Meis v. Grammer, No. 397-209 (Neb. Dist. Ct. Aug. 31, 1987). In Meis, the state district court held that prison authorities could regulate the nature of inmate expenditures from Inmate Trust Fund accounts in accordance with certain restrictions imposed on the use of such monies by Nebraska law, see Neb.Rev.Stat. Sec. 83-183(3) (1987). The state district court applied its ruling to monies derived from both personal resources and prison wages. The Nebraska Supreme Court later affirmed this decision, although on somewhat narrower grounds. Meis v. Grammer, 226 Neb. 360, 411 N.W.2d 355 (1987). In essence, the Nebraska Supreme Court held that the prison's legitimate security interest in prohibiting gambling, drug purchases and coerced expenditures justified the restrictions on inmate spending under the facts presented by that case. Meis, 411 N.W.2d at 357. ³

Following the denial of his request, Blankenship instituted this action under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 alleging improper infringement of his right to free exercise of religion, denial of equal protection and deprivation of property without due process in violation of the first and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution. ⁴ Shortly thereafter, prison authorities moved for summary judgment. In support of their summary judgment motion, the prison authorities submitted Operational Memorandum 113.002.112 which read, in relevant part:

As provided by Statute and Agency regulations, inmates may withdraw funds to assist with family support, make necessary purchases in the Canteen and from approved vendors, or for deposit in interest bearing accounts in designated financial institutions. Funds may also be used for legal-related matters to include copying fees, postage, filing fees, attorney fees, court costs, damages, judgments, and the like.

Record at 98. In addition, the Operational Memorandum permitted withdrawals for family assistance, purchase of approved vendor items such as catalog materials and hobby crafts and for deposit in interest bearing accounts outside the prison.

The federal district court granted the summary judgment motion in favor of prison authorities in December 1988. In ruling on the motion, the district court concluded that the regulation passed constitutional muster under Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 107 S.Ct. 2254, 96 L.Ed.2d 64 (1987), because: (1) the restriction was rationally related to legitimate prison security interests in controlling illegal activities; (2) requiring the prison to investigate the legitimacy of every requested donation or recipient organization would impose too great a burden; and (3) alternative means existed for inmates to make donations because inmates could send funds to family members for this purpose or open accounts outside the institution over which the prison would have no control. In addition, the district court rejected Blankenship's equal protection and deprivation of property without due process claims.

Blankenship appealed pro se but did not renew the equal protection claim. In addition, Blankenship focused entirely on matters outside the record in his due process arguments. These issues, therefore, are not properly before this court.

On October 20, 1988, prison authorities denied inmate Roy Lyman's request to send $3.00 from his Inmate Trust Fund account to Billy Graham. Lyman instituted this action alleging improper infringement on his first amendment right to free exercise of religion. The district court dismissed Lyman's complaint in February 1989 based on its holding in Blankenship v. Gunter. Lyman's timely appeal followed.

On our own motion, we consolidated these cases for the purposes of appeal and appointed counsel to represent Blankenship and Lyman. ⁵ For the reasons discussed below, we affirm both the judgment against Blankenship and the order dismissing Lyman's complaint.

II. DISCUSSION

Counsel for the inmates admits that no disputed facts exist and does not request reversal on this ground. Instead, appointed counsel contends that (1) the district court erred as a matter of law in concluding that Blankenship failed to establish a first amendment violation under Turner v. Safley, and (2) the dismissal of Lyman's case must be reversed because it was based on the district court's erroneous ruling in Blankenship. We disagree.

A prison regulation which infringes on an inmate's constitutional rights retains validity if it is reasonably related to legitimate penological interests. Safley, 482 U.S. at 89, 107 S.Ct. at 2261. The following considerations are relevant in determining the reasonableness of a challenged regulation: (1) whether the regulation possesses a valid connection with the legitimate governmental interest put forth to justify it; (2) whether inmates have other avenues for exercising the right; (3) the impact on the inmate population and prison staff of accommodating the right; and (4) the availability of feasible, ready alternatives. Safley, 482 U.S. at 89-91, 107 S.Ct. at 2261-63; Salaam v. Lockhart, 856 F.2d 1120, 1122 (8th Cir.1988). Additionally, we focus our inquiry on the legitimacy of the policy as a whole, notwithstanding the possibility for infringement on constitutional rights in a particular case. See generally O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342, 348-53, 107 S.Ct. 2400, 2404-07, 96 L.Ed.2d...